Notes

Resonant Stimulated Photorefractive Scattering.
The extract showed both UVA and UVB-absorbing properties and tyrosinase-inhibitory properties. selleckchem The results suggested that the lignin extract obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse has great potential as a bioactive multi-functional ingredient that can offer anti-ageing, sun-protection, and skin-whitening properties for sun care formulations. V.After gelatinization, starch is prone to retrograde during storage, and it is a notorious challenge to inhibit starch retrogradation in papermaking, textile, and construction fields. This work aimed to develop a new method for inhibiting the retrogradation of normal corn starch (CS) and waxy corn starch (WCS) by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Differential scanning calorimetry analysis suggested that addition of 2.0% (at dry starch basis, w/w) NaBH4 can completely inhibit WCS retrogradation. X-ray diffraction results showed that, as the NaBH4 concentration increased, the crystallinity of CS and WCS gradually decreased. After seven days of storage at 4 °C, the relative crystallinity of CS and WCS with 2.0% NaBH4 decreased by 62.22% and 100%, respectively. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the incorporation of NaBH4 remarkably affected the change of relaxation time(T2). The T2 changes in the gelatinized CS and WCS with 2.0% NaBH4 were much lower than gelatinized CS and WCS without NaBH4. The addition of NaBH4 led to a reduction in the hydrogen bonding of CS and WCS, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was concluded that the addition of 2.0% NaBH4 can significantly inhibit the retrogradation of CS and WCS. V.A new crosslinked chitosan grafted with methyl methacrylate (M-CTS) adsorbent was synthesized via free radical polymerization for effective removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. Crosslinked chitosan (1 g) was grafted with 29.96 × 10-1 M methyl methacrylate in the presence of 2.63 × 10-1 M ammonium persulfate as initiator at 60 °C for 2 h to give grafting and yield percentages of 201% and 67%, respectively. Batch adsorption experiment was performed as a function of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration and contact time. The isotherm data were adequately described by Langmuir model, while kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-second order rate model best fitted for the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity for M-CTS at pH 4 was 192.31 mg g-1. Furthermore, the reusability of over six adsorption-desorption cycles suggested that M-CTS is a durable adsorbent and good candidate for metal ions treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a common method of molecular crosslinking and sterilization of collagen. In this study, UV irradiation at low temperature conditions was investigated as an induction and regulation method for fiber-like aggregation and gelation of collagen. Differences between gelation processes induced by UV irradiation and by traditional temperature-induced methods as well as differences in the properties of the gelation products were systematically analyzed. We found that UV irradiation can induce fiber-like aggregation and gelation of bovine tendon collagen at lower temperatures ( less then 17 °C) than the usual temperature of 37 °C. During UV irradiation, cross-linking and degradation of collagen molecules occurred along with typical collagen fiber formation. The collagen fibers, together with the grafted collagen molecules and the degraded collagen peptides, formed a gel product that had a unique, multi-layered network structure. Collagen gels induced by UV irradiation at low temperatures displayed improved thermal stability, mechanical strength, and cell-growth promoting ability compared with collagen gels that were induced at 37 °C. Our results open up new avenues for the production of collagen-based biomaterials. V.In view of environmental pollution by fossil fuel-based plastics, it has become imperative to find out an alternative biodegradable plastic for sustainability. In this context, polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) production was carried out by the Zobellella sp. DD5 using inexpensive banana peels as the carbon source. Under optimized condition, 1.13 g/L (47.3%) of PHB was produced by the bacteria in growth associated mechanism. The CO group of PHB was detected from the high intense absorption band (1719 cm-1) of FTIR spectroscopic analysis. NMR and GC-MS results are also identical with the chemical shift signal CH, CH2 and CH3 group of PHB. The PHB is crystalline in nature and degree of crystallinity (Xc) - 34.38%, melting temperature (Tm) - 169 °C, thermal decomposition temperature (Td) - 248 °C as detected by XRD and DTA respectively. Rough surface morphology of PHB film was validated by AFM and SEM imaging that improves biodegradability of the PHB. The Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break depicted hard and brittle nature of PHB. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) confirmed cytocompatibility of PHB at 500 μg/mL in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line. The non-cytotoxic PHB can be used for various biomedical and agricultural applications in future. V.Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), usually as a purification-tag, can be easily expressed and rapidly purified. We found ELPs[V9F-40], which did not contain hydroxyl or charged residues with the pI of 5.52, could biomimetically form silica when they were in ordered structure. The specific activity of ELPs[V9F-40] was 70.89 ± 9.53. Besides, the time needed for the completion of biomimetic silicification was about 138 s, which was only 1/3 of that for other reported peptides. The ELPs@silica is mainly spherical and the sizes of them were around 900 nm. However, currently presented mechanisms for peptide-triggered silica biomimetic mineralization could not explain such unique phenomenon. It would pave a new way for mining or designing peptides with such function, which provide a potential green method for the preparation of biomimetic silica particles. It would endow ELPs more functions and expand the application fields of ELPs such as the bioinspired synthesis of peptide biotemplated metal or nonmetal oxide nanoparticles.
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