Notes

Sea water contaminants associated with in-water cleansing involving vessel hulls and the potential risk on the underwater atmosphere.
es.For flexible displays, there is a desperate need for a broadband coatable polarizer that can absorb light in a specific direction. Conventional polarizers fabricated by the polymer stretching process are too thick (50-200 μm) to be used as polarizers that can be applied to antireflective films in flexible displays. For the development of the broadband coatable thin film polarizer, diacetylene (DA) amphiphiles containing I- or I3- are newly designed and synthesized, and the content of DA amphiphiles in the 4,6-decadiyne solvent is optimized to form a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phase. Topochemical polymerization of uniaxially oriented iodine-based DA not only stabilizes the film but also broadens the polarization light region from 350 to 700 nm. The transfer and amplification of iodine and DA functions in uniaxially oriented thin films enable the fabrication of broadband coatable thin film polarizers.Inhibition of hydroxy acid oxidase 1 (HAO1) is a strategy to mitigate the accumulation of toxic oxalate that results from reduced activity of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) in primary hyperoxaluria 1 (PH1) patients. DNA-Encoded Chemical Library (DECL) screening provided two novel chemical series of potent HAO1 inhibitors, represented by compounds 3-6. Compound 5 was further optimized via various structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration methods to 29, a compound with improved potency and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)/pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Since carboxylic acid-containing compounds are often poorly permeable and have potential active glucuronide metabolites, we undertook a brief, initial exploration of acid replacements with the aim of identifying non-acid-containing HAO1 inhibitors. Structure-based drug design initiated with Compound 5 led to the identification of a nonacid inhibitor of HAO1, 31, which has weaker potency and increased permeability.Superhydrophobic surfaces are imperative in flexible polymer foams for diverse applications; however, traditional surface coatings on soft skeletons are often fragile and can hardly endure severe deformation, making them unstable and highly susceptible to cyclic loadings. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to balance their mutual exclusiveness of mechanical robustness and surface water repellency on flexible substrates. Herein, we describe how robust superhydrophobic surfaces on soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) foams can be achieved using an extremely simple, ultrafast, and environmentally friendly flame scanning strategy. The ultrafast flame treatment (1-3 s) of PDMS foams produces microwavy and nanosilica rough structures bonded on the soft skeletons, forming robust superhydrophobic surfaces (i.e., water contact angles (WCAs) > 155° and water sliding angles (WSAs) less then 5°). The rough surface can be effectively tailored by simply altering the flame scanning speed (2.5-15.0 cm/s) to adjust the thermal pyrolysis of the PDMS molecules. The optimized surfaces display reliable mechanical robustness and excellent water repellency even after 100 cycles of compression of 60% strain, stretching of 100% strain, and bending of 90° and hostile environmental conditions (including acid/salt/alkali conditions, high/low temperatures, UV aging, and harsh cyclic abrasion). Moreover, such flame-induced superhydrophobic surfaces are easily peeled off from ice and can be healable even after severe abrasion cycles. Clearly, the flame scanning strategy provides a facile and versatile approach for fabricating mechanically robust and surface superhydrophobic PDMS foam materials for applications in complex conditions.The marine organosulfur cycle has been studied intensively for over 30 years motivated by the hypothesis that dimethylsulfide (DMS) affects Earth's radiation balance and climate. The main source of DMS is from the enzymatic lysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the latter of which is a significant component of carbon, sulfur, and energy fluxes in the oceans. Acrylate is also produced during DMSP lysis, but unlike DMS or DMSP, very little is known about the marine acrylate cycle. Herein, a new source of acrylate was identified in seawater as a product formed from the photolysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photochemical production rates varied from 1.6 to 5.0 pM (μmol quanta cm-2)-1, based on photon exposures determined from nitrite actinometry. A positive correlation (r = 0.87) was observed between acrylate photoproduction and the seawater absorption coefficient at 330 nm. Acrylate photoproduction was initiated by UV radiation, with UV-B and UV-A contributing approximately 32 and 68% to the total production, respectively. Acrylate did not photolyze in high-purity water or seawater at concentrations less than 100 nM. These findings improve our understanding of the role that sunlight plays in the marine acrylate cycle, a reactive form of DOM that significantly affects the carbon cycle and ecology of the upper ocean.Capturing gaseous Hg0 using regenerable metal sulfides is a promising technology to recover gaseous Hg0 from both coal-fired flue gas (CFG) and smelting flue gas (SFG) for the centralized control. Gaseous Hg0 concentration in SFG is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that in CFG; therefore, the design strategy of metal sulfides for capturing gaseous Hg0 from CFG is quite different from that from SGF. In this work, the structure-activity relationship of metal sulfides to capture Hg0 was investigated according to the remarkable difference in MoO3 loading on sulfureted FeTiOx to capture low/high concentrations of gaseous Hg0. The rate of Hg0 adsorption onto metal sulfides was mainly related to the amounts of adsorption sites and S22- on the surface, the affinity of adsorption sites to gaseous Hg0, and the gaseous Hg0 concentration. ALK inhibitor Meanwhile, the capacity for Hg0 adsorption was approximately equal to the less of the amount of adsorption sites and S22- on the surface. Furthermore, capturing low concentrations of gaseous Hg0 from CFG required the metal sulfide sorbents having more adsorption sites with strong affinity to gaseous Hg0, while capturing high concentrations of gaseous Hg0 from SFG required the sorbents with enough adsorption sites.
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