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Introduction Metacognition is defined as the process of regulating behavior and having self-perception of own performance. An application of video modeling (VM) was used as a technological solution for assessing self-perception in daily situations among typical adolescents, compared to parental reports and to an objective performance-based assessment.Method One hundred and three adolescents (30 boys, 73 girls, mean age =15.1, SD = 1.9), viewed five clusters of videotaped scenarios of teen actors performing daily activities entailing strategy use. Half of the scenarios were classified as "Type A" indicating a more organized approach to accomplishing a task, the other half were "Type B" scenarios indicated a less organized approach to accomplishing the same tasks. Participants were asked to choose the scenarios that best represent their own daily performance using the VM application. The participants then completed the WCPA, an executive function (EF) performance-based assessment. Their parents completed the BRies through use of VM technology may customize intervention for each client's needs, assuring a client-centered approach and may encourage a collaboration of therapists and clients in search for the strategies that work best for them.Although declarative memory declines with age, sex and education might moderate these weaknesses. We investigated effects of sex and education on nonverbal declarative (recognition) memory in 704 older adults (aged 58-98, 0-17 years of education). Items were drawings of real and made-up objects. Age negatively impacted declarative memory, though this age effect was moderated by sex and object-type it was steeper for males than females, but only for real objects. Education was positively associated with memory, but also interacted with sex and object-type education benefited women more than men (countering the age effects, especially for women), and remembering real more than made-up objects. The findings suggest that nonverbal memory in older adults is associated negatively with age but positively with education; both effects are modulated by sex, and by whether learning relates to preexisting or new information. The study suggests downstream benefits from education, especially for girls.Aerobic exercise training (AER) may promote several adaptations in white adipose tissue (WAT), including a phenotypic change known as browning. The present study aimed at assessing if resistance exercise training (RES) would be as efficient as AER in inducing a brown-like adipocyte reprogramming in WAT. 30 Swiss male mice were randomly divided into three groups with 10 animals each 1. Sedentary (SED), 2. AER, and 3. RES. After the adaptation training, an incremental test was performed at the beginning of each week to adjust training load. Mice were submitted to 8 weeks of AER or RES. After the experimental period, inguinal and retroperitoneal WAT (iWAT and rpWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected. The prescription of AER and RES was effective in increasing the performance of both groups. Also, RES presented a lower body weight than AER/SED. AER and RES reduced the area of iWAT and rpWAT adipocytes, the lipid area of BAT, induced an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and increased the expression of selective genes of brown and beige phenotype in adipocytes after 8 weeks. In general, we demonstrated here that AER and RES training similarly induced the browning of iWAT and rpWAT.During spontaneous breathing at rest the alveolar pressure (Palv) - flow (V̇) relation exhibits a prominent expiratory loop in many COPD patients. Among the possible determinants of the loop, tidal expiratory flow-limitation (tEFL) may be the main responsible. To compare the characteristics of the expiratory loop in COPD patients with flow-limitation (FL) and without flow-limitation (NFL), tEFL was assessed with the negative expiratory pressure technique in stable, mild to very severe COPD patients, undergoing body-plethysmography before and after bronchodilation (BD), an intervention which is able to reduce mechanical heterogeneity, recruitment/derecruitment and gas trapping, but rarely abolishes tEFL. The magnitude of the expiratory loop was indexed by the integral of Palv on V̇ during expiration (Aexp). Before BD, Aexp was 360% greater in FL (n=35) than in NFL (n=25) patients (P less then 0.001). AZ628 After BD, Aexp was unchanged in NFL patients (ΔAexp 0%, P=0.882) and slightly decreased in FL patients who remained FL (n=32, ΔAexp -17%, P=0.064). Three FL patients became NFL after BD, and their Aexp decreased markedly (ΔAexp -61%), reaching values similar to those observed in NFL patients at baseline. In conclusion, the greater Aexp measured in FL relative to NFL COPD patients, its relative invariance after BD when flow-limitation persists, and its fall when flow-limitation is abolished indicate that tEFL is a major determinant of the magnitude of the expiratory loop. Furthermore, Aexp can be used as a predictor of the presence of tEFL.It is widely agreed that breathing is subject to circadian regulation. Circadian differences in respiratory physiology significantly impact a number of diseases including sleep apnea, asthma, and seizure-induced death. The effect of time of day on breathing has been previously characterized; however, an endogenous free-running respiratory rhythm in mammals has not previously been described. Furthermore, it is assumed that circadian rhythms in breathing are dependent on the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the home of the mammalian central circadian oscillator, but this has not been shown experimentally. The breathing of mice was monitored during wakefulness using whole body plethysmography at six times of day while housed under light-dark conditions and at six circadian phases while housed under constant darkness. Respiratory frequency and minute ventilation, but not tidal volume, were significantly higher during the active phase in both entrained and free-running conditions. To determine whether circadian regulation of breathing requires the SCN, in separate sets of animals this structure was electrolytically lesioned bilaterally or a sham surgery was performed, and breathing was measured at six different time points.
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