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A singular Crow Travel Marketing Protocol (CSO) Direction Compound Swarm Marketing (PSO) and Crow Look for Algorithm (CSA).
YouTube, the most commonly used free video-sharing platform globally, is increasingly being used as an educational tool in Radiology. Trainees worldwide now have the opportunity to learn about medical imaging at their own pace in the comfort of their homes, without geographical and financial constraints. Unfortunately, because YouTube is an easily accessible platform, it also incurs the risk of disseminating erroneous medical information or low-quality educational content. This article outlines the primary considerations when creating educational content on YouTube, including technical aspects, best practices, and measures to maximize effectiveness and success. Additionally, we discuss the current usage of the platform for Radiology education and its advantages and disadvantages and list some of the most popular Radiology YouTube channels.
MOGS mutations cause congenital disorders of glycosylation type IIb (CDG-IIb or GCS1-CDG). The specific manifestations caused by the mutations in this gene remain unknown. We aimed to describe the clinical features of CDG- IIb and the effectiveness of urinary oligosaccharide analysis in the diagnosis of CDG- IIb.

Patient 1 was analyzed with whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the causative gene of intractable epilepsy and severe developmental delay. learn more After detecting MOGS mutation in patient 1, we analyzed patients 2 and 3 who were siblings and had clinical features similar to those in patient 1. Urinary oligosaccharide analysis was performed to confirm CDG- IIb diagnosis in patient 1. The clinical features of these patients were analyzed and compared with those in eight published cases.

Our three patients presented with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, generalized hypotonia, hepatic dysfunction and dysmorphic features. In two cases, compound heterozygous mutations in MOGS were identified by WES. Isolation and characterization of the urinary oligosaccharide was performed in one of these cases to confirm the diagnosis of CDG-IIb. Although the isoelectric focusing of transferrin (IEF-T) of serum in this patient was normal, urinary excretion of Hex
corresponding to Glc
Man was observed by mass spectrometry.

This report provides clinical manifestations of CDG-IIb with MOGS mutation. CDG-IIb shows a normal IEF profile of serum transferrin and cannot be detected by structural analysis of the patient's glycoproteins. Characterization of urinary oligosaccharides should be considered to detect this disorder.
This report provides clinical manifestations of CDG-IIb with MOGS mutation. CDG-IIb shows a normal IEF profile of serum transferrin and cannot be detected by structural analysis of the patient's glycoproteins. Characterization of urinary oligosaccharides should be considered to detect this disorder.The outbreak of Covid-19 required the re-organization of everyday life. While some people accepted this challenge, other experienced the current situation as a heavy burden that impedes the adaptation to the new life conditions. The present study investigated factors that can impact the level of burden caused by Covid-19. Burden, depression symptoms and frequency of physical activity (e.g., jogging, cycling) were assessed via online surveys in overall 1,931 people from four countries (Germany N = 625; Italy N = 936; Russia N = 230; Spain N = 140). Similar result patterns were found in all country-specific samples. Burden by Covid-19 was significantly positively associated with depression symptoms, while it was significantly negatively linked to physical activity. Moreover, physical activity buffered the association between depression symptoms and burden. The present cross-national findings emphasize the protective effect of physical activity specifically in times of Covid-19. This issue should be addressed in governmental programs to longitudinally protect mental and physical health and to enhance the willingness to adhere to the anti-Covid-19 measures among the population.Cannabis exposure is related to neuroanatomical changes in brain regions rich in cannabinoid receptors, such as the hippocampus. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether persistent heavy cannabis use leads to morphological changes in the hippocampus or whether an earlier age of onset of first cannabis use and/or higher doses of cannabis exposure exacerbate these alterations. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether continued heavy cannabis use in young adults is associated with an altered hippocampal volume. Twenty heavy cannabis users (CBs) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment and a T1 structural scan at baseline and at a 3-year follow-up visit. Volumes of the hippocampus and its subregions were estimated using volBrain software. Except for the cornu ammonis 2 (CA2)/CA3 subregions, age had significant effects on all hippocampal subregions in both the CB and HC groups. The relative right hippocampal volume and absolute and relative right CA1 volumes displayed a greater rate of decrease in CBs compared to HCs. In addition, we explored the relationship between alterations in hippocampal volume and cannabis use characteristics. Changes in the relative right hippocampal volume and the relative right CA1 volume were related to age at first cannabis use but not to age at onset of frequent cannabis use. Alterations in the relative right hippocampal volume and absolute and relative right CA1 volumes were associated with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT) scores. Based on these results, heavy cannabis use in early adulthood is a risk factor for a greater rate of decrease in the volume of the right hippocampus (particularly the right CA1).The COVID-19 pandemic has created novel mental health challenges for those with pre-existing problems including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Our study reports on clinician perceptions regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with OCD receiving exposure and response prevention treatment (ERP) prior to and during the pandemic. Participating clinicians completed a survey which included questions adapted from National Institute of Mental Health-Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (NIMH-GOCS) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Clinicians rated clinical features at treatment initiation, just prior to the pandemic, and mid-pandemic (July/August, 2020). Findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with attenuation of ERP progress from expected rates in most patients during first several months of the pandemic; clinicians estimated that 38% of their patients had symptoms worsen during the pandemic and 47% estimated that symptoms remained unchanged despite participating in ERP.
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