Notes

Epigenetic modifications through arsenic exposure: A comprehensive assessment.
019). The number of attempts to insert both the devices was comparable (
≥ 0.05). Air-Q blocker provided a significantly better fibreoptic score than PLMA (
= 0.038). The two groups were comparable in terms of ease of OGT insertion, haemodynamics and ventilation parameters, and complications at emergence and postoperatively.

Air-Q blocker provides a clinically effective OLP though PLMA provides a slightly better sealing function in patients undergoing laparoscopic and non-laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia requiring neuromuscular blockade. Air-Q blocker has shorter insertion time and a better fibreoptic view of glottis as compared to PLMA.
Air-Q blocker provides a clinically effective OLP though PLMA provides a slightly better sealing function in patients undergoing laparoscopic and non-laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia requiring neuromuscular blockade. Air-Q blocker has shorter insertion time and a better fibreoptic view of glottis as compared to PLMA.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mode of mechanical ventilation; pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) vs. volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on airway pressures, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intra-operative surgical bleeding in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

This was a prospective, randomised study that included 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery who were mechanically ventilated using PCV or VCV mode. The respiratory parameters (peak and plateau pressures) and IAP were measured after anaesthesia induction in supine position, 10 min after the patients were changed from supine to prone position, at the end of the surgery in prone position, and after the patients were changed from prone to supine position. TGF-beta inhibitor The amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding was measured by objective and subjective methods.

The primary outcome was the amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding. It was significantly less in the PCV group than in the VCV group (137 ± 24.37 mL vs. 311 ± 66.98 mL) (
= 0.000). Similarly, on comparing other parameters like peak inspiratory pressures, plateaupressures and IAP, the patients in PCV group had significantly lower parameters than those in VCV group (
< 0.05). No harmful events were recorded.

In patie,nts undergoing lumbar spine surgery, use of PCV mode decreased intraoperative surgical bleeding, which may be related to lower intraoperative respiratory pressures and IAP.
In patie,nts undergoing lumbar spine surgery, use of PCV mode decreased intraoperative surgical bleeding, which may be related to lower intraoperative respiratory pressures and IAP.
Shivering in the peri-operative period is a common problem which is associated with various complications. Prophylaxis of shivering can thus help in reducing the cost and risk of complications. The present study was designed to compare prophylactic oral gabapentin, tramadol and placebo for prevention of post-spinal shivering.

A total of 150 adult patients of either sex belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgeries were randomised to receive tramadol 100 mg (group A), gabapentin 600 mg (group B) or placebo (group C) orally 30 min before administration of spinal anaesthesia. The primary outcome was to study the incidence and severity of shivering,whereas the secondary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects. Data were analysed by analysis of variance test, Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square tests.

Incidence of shivering was comparable among groups A and B (
= 0.8) whereas it was significantly less than in group C (
= 0.00). Severity of shivering (grade 1 and 2) was comparable in all the groups (
= 0.6 and 0.36), whereas shivering grade 3 and grade 4 was significantly lesser in groups A and B as compared to group C (
= 0.01 and 0.01). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was more in group A (26%) as compared to group B (20%) (
= 0.48) but was significantly lesser than group C (48%) (
= 0.01). Incidence of sedation (sedation score ≥2) was significantly more in group B (22%) as compared to group A (4%) and group C (0%).

Prophylactic oral gabapentin 600 mg and tramadol 100 mg are equally effective for prevention of post-spinal shivering.
Prophylactic oral gabapentin 600 mg and tramadol 100 mg are equally effective for prevention of post-spinal shivering.
Regional mechanical characterization of pulmonary arteries can be useful in the development of computational models of pulmonary arterial mechanics.

We performed a biomechanical and microstructural characterization study of porcine pulmonary arteries, inclusive of the main, left, and right pulmonary arteries (MPA, LPA, and RPA, respectively).

The specimens were initially stored at -20°C and allowed to thaw for 12-24 hours prior to testing. Each artery was further subdivided into proximal, middle, and distal regions, leading to ten location-based experimental groups. Planar equibiaxial tensile testing was performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the specimens, from which we calculated the stress at the maximum strain (

), tensile modulus (TM), anisotropy index (AI), and strain energy in terms of area under the stress-strain curve (AUC). Histological quantification was performed to evaluate the area fraction of elastin and collagen content, intima-media thickness (IMT), and adventitial thickneit strong regional dissimilarities, which can be used to inform future studies of high fidelity finite element models.
The mechanical properties of porcine pulmonary arteries exhibit strong regional dissimilarities, which can be used to inform future studies of high fidelity finite element models.
Rupture of brain aneurysms is associated with high fatality and morbidity rates. Through remodeling of the collagen matrix, many aneurysms can remain unruptured for decades, despite an enlarging and evolving geometry.

Our objective was to explore this adaptive remodeling for the first time in an elastase induced aneurysm model in rabbits.

Saccular aneurysms were created in 22 New Zealand white rabbits and remodeling was assessed in tissue harvested 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after creation.

The intramural principal stress ratio doubled after aneurysm creation due to increased longitudinal loads, triggering a remodeling response. A distinct wall layer with multi-directional collagen fibers developed between the media and adventitia as early as 2 weeks, and in all cases by 4 weeks with an average thickness of 50.6 ± 14.3 μm. Collagen fibers in this layer were multi-directional (
= 0.56 ± 0.15) with low tortuosity (1.08 ± 0.02) compared with adjacent circumferentially aligned medial fibers (AI = 0.78 ± 0.12) and highly tortuous adventitial fibers (1.
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