Notes

Anti-osteoporotic aftereffect of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. In bilateral ovariectomized caused post-menopausal weak bones in new rodents.
Thus, inflammation resolution via dual COX-2/sEH inhibition is an approach to prevent carcinogen-induced cancer.Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria regulates bioenergetics, apoptosis, and Ca2+ signaling. The primary pathway for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a Ca2+-selective ion channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake is driven by the sizable inner-membrane potential generated by the electron-transport chain. Despite the large thermodynamic driving force, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is tightly regulated to maintain low matrix [Ca2+] and prevent opening of the permeability transition pore and cell death, while meeting dynamic cellular energy demands. How this is accomplished is controversial. Here we define a regulatory mechanism of MCU-channel activity in which cytoplasmic Ca2+ regulation of intermembrane space-localized MICU1/2 is controlled by Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms localized across the membrane in the mitochondrial matrix. Ca2+ that permeates through the channel pore regulates Ca2+ affinities of coupled inhibitory and activating sensors in the matrix. Ca2+ binding to the inhibitory sensor within the MCU amino terminus closes the channel despite Ca2+ binding to MICU1/2. Conversely, disruption of the interaction of MICU1/2 with the MCU complex disables matrix Ca2+ regulation of channel activity. Our results demonstrate how Ca2+ influx into mitochondria is tuned by coupled Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.For decades, it was unknown how electron-bifurcating systems in nature prevented energy-wasting short-circuiting reactions that have large driving forces, so synthetic electron-bifurcating molecular machines could not be designed and built. The underpinning free-energy landscapes for electron bifurcation were also enigmatic. We predict that a simple and universal free-energy landscape enables electron bifurcation, and we show that it enables high-efficiency bifurcation with limited short-circuiting (the EB scheme). The landscape relies on steep free-energy slopes in the two redox branches to insulate against short-circuiting using an electron occupancy blockade effect, without relying on nuanced changes in the microscopic rate constants for the short-circuiting reactions. The EB scheme thus unifies a body of observations on biological catalysis and energy conversion, and the scheme provides a blueprint to guide future campaigns to establish synthetic electron bifurcation machines.
Pressures on healthcare systems due to COVID-19 has impacted patients without COVID-19 with surgery disproportionally affected. This study aims to understand the impact on the initial management of patients with brain tumours by measuring changes to normal multidisciplinary team (MDT) decision making.

A prospective survey performed in UK neurosurgical units performed from 23 March 2020 until 24 April 2020.

Regional neurosurgical units outside London (as the pandemic was more advanced at time of study).

Representatives from all units were invited to collect data on new patients discussed at their MDT meetings during the study period. Each unit decided if management decision for each patient had changed due to COVID-19.

Primary outcome measures included number of patients where the decision to undergo surgery changed compared with standard management usually offered by that MDT. Secondary outcome measures included changes in surgical extent, numbers referred to MDT, number of patients denied surgery nof Surgeons of England's COVID-19 Research Group (https//www.rcseng.ac.uk/coronavirus/rcs-covid-research-group/).
Globalisation has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialisation of medical professionals. This study identified the long-term effects of international electives on the professional identity formation of medical students.

This is a qualitative study.

The authors interviewed Japanese medical professionals who had completed their international electives more than 10 years ago, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm.

A total of 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33-42 years) participated in face-to-face, semistructured in-depth interviews.

During the data analysis, 36 themes related to professional identity formation were identified, and the resulting themes had five primary factors (perspective transformation, career design, self-development, diversity of values and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could prtives and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.
The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of estimates of the incubation period of COVID-19.

Rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research.

International studies on incubation period of COVID-19.

Searches were carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library as well as the preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Studies were selected for meta-analysis if they reported either the parameters and CIs of the distributions fit to the data, or sufficient information to facilitate calculation of those values. After initial eligibility screening, 24 studies were selected for initial review, nine of these were shortlisted for meta-analysis. Final estimates are from meta-analysis of eight studies.

Parameters of a lognormal distribution of incubation periods.

The incubation period distribution may be modelled with a lognormal distribution with pooled mu and sigma parameters (95% CIs) of 1.63 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.75) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.46 present an R Shiny app that facilitates updating these estimates as new data become available.
In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, cases have exceeded over one million, with the number of confirmed cases increasing by 50 000-60 000 per day. The virus has killed nearly 50 000 people all over the world in only 3 months. These reforms bring major challenges to the public health and healthcare system. The pulmonary pathological features during the initial phase of COVID-19 are alveolar oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia, gravitational consolidations and interstitial thickening. click here The ability of lung ultrasound (LUS) and its evolving applications in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia are widespread. This study aims to evaluate the surveillance value of LUS in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

We will perform a systematic search and meta-analysis on the use of LUS to diagnose and confirm COVID-19 pneumonia. We will search Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, China Biology Medicine disc and WHO Global Health Library for studies on diagnostic accuracy from December 2019 to April 2021.
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