Notes

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The purpose of this study was to examine measurement invariance of the Subjective Happiness Scale across countries, gender, and age groups and across time by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether, 4,977 participants from nine European, American, and Australian countries were included in the study. Our results revealed that both configural and metric invariance held across countries, but scalar invariance was only partially confirmed with one item yielding varying intercepts in different countries. Measurement invariance was also confirmed across gender and age groups. Longitudinal measurement invariance was examined on a subsample of 478 English-speaking participants and was fully confirmed across five consecutive assessment points. Factor means were compared between groups and across time, and good convergent validity of the Subjective Happiness Scale was found in relation to a measure of temporal satisfaction with life. Overall, our results demonstrate that self-reported happiness was measured similarly in nine different countries, gender and age groups and over time, and provide a solid foundation for meaningful cross-group and cross-time comparisons in subjective happiness.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health concern. Depression, anxiety and reduced self-efficacy are common psychological problems experienced by people living with HIV. We investigated the effects of a four-week, supervised aerobic exercise programme on depression, anxiety and self-efficacy of people living with HIV on HAART in Ibadan, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was used. Fifty-three eligible participants completed the study and only their data were analysed. The experimental subjects received aerobic exercise training for thirty minutes, three times per week for four weeks, alongside HAART, while control subjects were only on HAART. Depression, anxiety and self-efficacy scores were assessed at baseline and after the fourth week. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to summarise data, and inferential statistics of independent t-test was used to compare data between groups. At the end of the aerobic exercise programme, there was significant improvement in depression (p  less then  0.001), anxiety (p  less then  0.001) and self-efficacy scores (p = 0.042) in the experimental group, compared to the control group. More attention should be given to the prevention and management of psychological problems in people living with HIV through the use of aerobic exercise.The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of chlamydia or gonorrhea and factors associated with the diagnoses among people with HIV (PHIV) in the Ryan White Program Part A (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. We used 2017 calendar year data to identify factors associated with a chlamydia or gonorrhea diagnoses using logistic regression. About 50% of the 7110 PHIV who were ≥18 years old in active Ryan White care in 2017 reported being screened for chlamydia or gonorrhea. Of those screened, 2.3% reported diagnoses of chlamydia, gonorrhea or both. In the adjusted model, compared to PHIV ≥40 years-old, PHIV aged 18-24 and 25-39 years reported higher odds of diagnoses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73-10.63 and aOR 4.58; 95% CI; 2.62-7.99 respectively). Those with multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months reported higher odds of diagnoses (aOR 1.67; (95% CI; 1.04-2.69)). Screening rates for chlamydia or gonorrhea are low, relative to CDC guidelines. Interventions are needed to increase rates of screening and targeted behavioral risk reduction techniques are highly recommended among those 18-39 years of age and those who have multiple sexual partners.
Previous work showed that higher polyp mast cell load correlated with worse postoperative endoscopic appearance in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). MK-5348 Polyp epithelial mast cells showed increased expression of T-cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM-3), a receptor that promotes mast cell activation and cytokine production. In this study, CRSwNP patients were followed post-operatively to investigate whether mast cell burden or TIM-3 expression among mast cells can predict recalcitrant disease.

Nasal polyp specimens were obtained via functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and separated into epithelial and stromal layers via enzymatic digestion. Mast cells and TIM-3-expressing mast cells were identified via flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney
tests and Cox proportional hazard models assessed whether mast cell burden and TIM-3 expression were associated with clinical outcomes, including earlier recurrence of polypoid edema and need for treatment with steroids.

Twenty-three patients with CRSwNP were studied and followed for 6 months after undergoing FESS. Higher mast cell levels were associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema epithelial HR = 1.283 (
 = .02), stromal HR = 1.103 (
 = .02). Percent of mast cells expressing TIM-3 in epithelial or stromal layers was not significantly associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema. Mast cell burden and TIM-3+ expression were not significantly associated with need for future treatment with steroids post-FESS.

Mast cell load in polyp epithelium and stroma may predict a more refractory postoperative course for CRSwNP patients. The role of TIM-3 in the chronic inflammatory state seen in CRSwNP remains unclear.
Mast cell load in polyp epithelium and stroma may predict a more refractory postoperative course for CRSwNP patients. The role of TIM-3 in the chronic inflammatory state seen in CRSwNP remains unclear.
To identify and describe the mechanisms of lifestyle characteristics-obesity, DM, hypertension and physical inactivity-that may lead to the severity of illness among individuals with COVID-19.

A scoping review was conducted by searching electronic databases of PubMed and Scopus from December 2019 to August 2020.

inclusion criteria were studies that explicitly describe the mechanism of COVID-19 in relationship with either hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM), obesity and/or physical inactivity. Studies of epidemiological background, descriptive surveys and interventional studies were excluded.

study characteristics were tabulated according to purpose, type of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the hypothesis on the mechanism of infestation (MOI) and conclusion.

NCDs were categorized according to type and hypothesis on mechanisms of infestation. The interplay between COVID-19, type of NCDs and MOI leading to the severity of the disease was appraised.

Twenty-four (24) studies were identified from 357 unique records.
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