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Molecular Phylogeny Uncovering the only Origins involving Cinnamomum-associated Bruggmanniella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Japan, together with Descriptions regarding Three New and One Newly Recorded Varieties via Taiwan.
Protein activity analysis indicated that ImuA had no DNA binding activity, but inhibited the DNA binding and recombinase activity of RecA1. Eganelisib These findings indicate the new role of ImuA in SOS mutagenesis, that is, ImuA inhibits the recombinase activity of RecA1, thereby facilitating SOS mutagenesis in M. xanthus. Importance DnaE2 is responsible for bacterial SOS mutagenesis in nearly one-third of sequenced bacterial strains. However, its mechanism, especially the function of its accessory protein ImuA, is still unclear. Here we reported that M. xanthus ImuA could affect SOS mutagenesis by inhibiting the recombinase activity of RecA1, which helps to explain the mechanism of DnaE2-dependent TLS and the selection of the two restart pathways to repair the stalled replication fork.Fungi are key components of microbial communities in mangrove wetlands, with important roles in the transformation of nutrients and energy. However, existing studies typically focus on cultivable fungi and seldom on the structure and driving factors of entire fungal communities. The compositions, community assembly, and interaction patterns of mangrove fungal communities on a large scale remain elusive. Here, biogeography, assembly, and co-occurrence patterns of fungal communities in mangroves across eastern to southern China were systematically analyzed by targeting the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with high-throughput Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing. The analysis revealed a high level of fungal diversity, including a number of basal fungal lineages not previously reported in mangroves, such as Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota. Beta nearest-taxon index analyses suggested a determinant role of dispersal limitation on fungal community in overall and most individual angroves on a large scale is generally elusive, and mangroves are declining rapidly due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. This work provides an overview of fungal community structure and biogeography in mangrove wetlands along a >9,000-km coastline across eastern to southern China. Our study observed a high number of basal fungal lineages, such as Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota, in mangrove sediments. In addition, our results highlight a crucial role of dispersal limitation and a minor role of environmental selections on fungal communities in mangrove sediments. These novel findings add important knowledge about the structure, assembly processes, and driving factors of fungal communities in mangrove sediments.Oxalobacter formigenes, a unique anaerobic bacterium that relies solely on oxalate for growth, is a key oxalate-degrading bacterium in the mammalian intestinal tract. Degradation of oxalate in the gut by O. formigenes plays a critical role in preventing renal toxicity in animals that feed on oxalate-rich plants. The role of O. formigenes in reducing the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease and oxalate nephropathy in humans is less clear, in part due to difficulties in culturing this organism, and the lack of studies which have utilized diets controlled in their content of oxalate. Herein, we review the literature on the 40th anniversary of the discovery of O. formigenes, with a focus on its biology, its role in gut oxalate metabolism and calcium oxalate kidney stone disease, and potential areas of future research. Results from ongoing clinical trials utilizing O. formigenes in healthy volunteers and in patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1), a rare but severe form of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease, will also be discussed. Information has been consolidated on O. formigenes strains and best practices to culture this bacterium, which should serve as a good resource for researchers.The etiology of alcohol dependence is not completely understood. Increasing evidence reveals that gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with certain psychiatric disorders, including alcoholism, through the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. The aims were to evaluate the effect of alcohol abuse on the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and serum metabolic profile and to determine whether alcohol-induced alterations in gut microbiota are correlated with gut permeability and serum metabolic phenotype changes. 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and nontarget metabolomics techniques were applied in an alcohol-dependent rat model in the present study. The results showed that alcohol intake altered the composition and structure of the colonic microbiota, especially the relative abundance of the commensal microbes Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae, which was significantly decreased. Alcohol-dependent rats developed gut leakiness and a serum metabolic phenotype disorder. The valine, leucine and isoleucine biosyevelopment of alcohol dependence.Bats are a key reservoir of coronaviruses (CoVs), including the agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the recent deadly viral pneumonia pandemic. However, understanding how bats can harbor several microorganisms without developing illnesses is still a matter under discussion. Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone even though it is known that, in nature, they mostly live in multi-species associations called biofilms - both externally and within the host. Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been already described. In this review, we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to occurrence in biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for non-pathogenic and well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination. Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as in fomites and aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination. Moreover, understanding CoVs biofilm lifestyle in reservoirs might contribute to explain several burning questions that remain unanswered including persistence and transmissibility by highly pathogenic emerging CoVs.
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