Notes

1st record regarding caterpillar regarding Spiroxys (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) parasitizing fishes within supply of the Caatinga website.
65% and 0.25%, respectively. These excellent synaptic properties enable a recognition rate of ≈99% in the training and inference tasks for acoustic and emotional information patterns. This study is expected to be an important foundation for the realization of future parallel computing networks for energy-efficient and high-speed data processing.A series of pyrene or pyrene-o-carborane-appendant selenoviologens (Py-SeV2+ , Py-Cb-SeV2+ ) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron-rich pyrene-o-carborane heterojunction (Py-Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron-deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+ ) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s-1 ) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+• ) compared with Py-SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices' (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host-guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt-NPs catalyst, the Py-Cb-SeV2+ -based system shows high-efficiency visible-light-driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process.Multiple mating by females, polyandry, is common in insects, including in tephritid fruit flies. Female insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple males. How the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual selection. Sexual behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni, has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species' reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest populations. Despite numerous studies of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly, there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female Qflies. We used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in Qfly. The two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency, copula duration, and proportion of second mate paternity (P2) between reciprocal crosses. The mechanism of sperm usage, with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged, is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of sperm. learn more Patterns observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies, and are discussed in relation to this species' reproductive biology, known patterns of sperm storage, and SIT.Access to treatment for acute malnutrition remains a challenge, in part due to the fragmentation of treatment programmes based on case severity. This paper evaluates utilization patterns, outcomes and associated costs for treating acute malnutrition cases among a cohort of children in Burkina Faso. This study is a secondary analysis of a proof-of-concept trial, called Optimizing treatment for acute Malnutrition (OptiMA), conducted in Burkina Faso in 2016. A total of 4958 eligible children whose mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was less than 125 mm or with oedema were followed weekly and given ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). We evaluated the service utilization and outcomes among patients and estimated resource use and variable cost per patient, and examined factors driving variation in resource use. Children with lower initial MUAC level grew faster but required more time to recover than those with higher initial MUAC level. They also had higher rates of death, default and nonresponse. The simplified OptiMA approach for treating acute malnutrition achieved high rates of recovery overall (84%), especially among less severe cases, with modest quantities of RUTF. The average overall variable cost per child admitted was US$38.0 (SD 20.5) half of which was accounted for by the cost of RUTF. Cost per recovered case was correlated with case severity, ranging from US$35.1 to US$132.8. If simplified integrated programmes using severity-based RUTF dosing can increase access to treatment at earlier, less severe stages of acute malnutrition, they can help avoid more serious and costlier cases.
The number of people with dementia (PwD) dying in long-term care (LTC) settings is expected to increase. However, effective care strategies to promote a good death for PwD remain unclear. This study aimed to explore nurses' perceptions of a good death for PwD in LTC settings for older adults.

Interviews were conducted with 19 nurses providing end-of-life care in LTC settings for older adults in Japan. The transcribed texts were analysed using inductive content analysis.

We identified two themes (1) ambiguity and (2) preparedness. Participants perceived that there was ambiguity regarding a good death for PwD and emphasised the need for preparedness of those around PwD for a good death. Five categories represented preparedness (a) reaffirming the original personality before dementia; (b) respecting that PwD change; (c) interpreting and fulfilling obscure desires, feelings, and sensations; (d) providing care consistent with an agreed-upon natural death process; and (e) maintaining relationships.

Long-term care nurses should encourage families and multidisciplinary team members, including the nurses themselves, to prepare for a good death of the PwD. Future research should focus on healthcare professionals' perspectives on advance care planning in the early stages of dementia, as well as the perceptions of PwD, their family members and other healthcare professionals regarding the natural death process.
Long-term care nurses should encourage families and multidisciplinary team members, including the nurses themselves, to prepare for a good death of the PwD. Future research should focus on healthcare professionals' perspectives on advance care planning in the early stages of dementia, as well as the perceptions of PwD, their family members and other healthcare professionals regarding the natural death process.The robust fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a novel type of semi-conductive COFs for optoelectronic and energy devices due to their controllable architectures and easily tunable the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. However, the carrier mobility of such materials is still beyond requirements due to limited π-conjugation. In this study, a series of new polyarylether-based COFs are rationally synthesized via a direct reaction between hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (electron acceptor) and octahydroxyphthalocyanine (electron donor). These COFs have typical crystalline layered structures, narrow band gaps as low as ≈0.65 eV and ultra-low resistance (1.31 × 10-6 S cm-1 ). Such COFs can be composed of two different metal-sites and contribute improved carrier mobility via layer-altered staking mode according to density functional theory calculation. Due to the narrow pore size of 1.4 nm and promising conductivity, such COFs and electrochemically exfoliated graphene based free-standing films are fabricated for in-plane micro-supercapacitors, which demonstrate excellent volumetric capacitances (28.1 F cm-3 ) and excellent stability of 10 000 charge-discharge cycling in acidic electrolyte. This study provides a new approach toward dioxin-linked COFs with donor-acceptor structure and easily tunable energy levels for versatile energy storage and optoelectronic devices.Statistical methods for controlling the type-I error of hypothesis tests in adaptive group sequential clinical trials are well established and well understood. However, methods for obtaining statistically valid point estimates and confidence intervals for adaptive designs are not as well established or as well understood. At the end of an adaptive trial, one may calculate the repeated confidence interval (RCI), which provides conservative coverage of δ , or the backward image confidence interval (BWCI), which provides exact coverage of δ and is an extension of the stagewise adjusted confidence interval (SWCI, used in classical group sequential designs). The BWCI can also provide a median unbiased estimate (MUE) of δ . There is a need to better understand the coverage and possible biases associated with these methods. We conducted a simulation study exploring parameter estimation following sample size reestimation based on testing methods with strong control of type-I error. Generally, the BWCI provided exact coverage, the naïve CI provided inconsistent coverage, and the RCI provided conservative coverage. Additionally, we note considerable asymmetry in the coverage from above/from below for the RCI, although we did not see any instance where the 95% RCI excluded the true parameter more than 2.5% on either side. At the end of an adaptive group sequential trial, we strongly recommend the use of the BWCI (and associated MUE), with the RCI computed during interim looks; the naïve CI should be avoided. These results and conclusions also hold true for classical group sequential designs.The synthesis of small organic molecules with a difluoromethylated stereocenter is particularly attractive in drug discovery. Herein, we have developed an efficient method for the direct generation of difluoromethylated stereocenters through Ni0 -catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of gem-difluoroalkenes. The reaction also represents the enantioselective construction of carbon(sp3 )-silicon bonds with nickel catalysis, which provides an atom- and step-economical synthesis route of high-value optically active α-difluoromethylsilanes. This protocol features readily available starting materials and commercial chiral catalysis, broad substrates spanning a range of functional groups with high yield (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96 % ee). The enantioenriched products undergo a variety of stereospecific transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed.Nutrient enrichment can simultaneously increase and destabilise plant biomass production, with co-limitation by multiple nutrients potentially intensifying these effects. Here, we test how factorial additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium with essential nutrients (K+) affect the stability (mean/standard deviation) of aboveground biomass in 34 grasslands over 7 years. Destabilisation with fertilisation was prevalent but was driven by single nutrients, not synergistic nutrient interactions. On average, N-based treatments increased mean biomass production by 21-51% but increased its standard deviation by 40-68% and so consistently reduced stability. Adding P increased interannual variability and reduced stability without altering mean biomass, while K+ had no general effects. Declines in stability were largest in the most nutrient-limited grasslands, or where nutrients reduced species richness or intensified species synchrony. We show that nutrients can differentially impact the stability of biomass production, with N and P in particular disproportionately increasing its interannual variability.
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