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Raynaud's occurrence and also digital camera ulcers: advances inside assessment and operations.
We study the self interference effect of a resonator coupled with a bent waveguide at two separated ports. Such interference effects are shown to be similar for the cases of standing-wave and traveling-wave resonators, while in the system of two separated resonators indirectly coupled via a waveguide, the coupling forms and the related interference effects depend on which kind of resonators is chosen. Due to the self interference, controllable optical responses including tunable linewidth and frequency shift, and optical dark state can be achieved. Moreover, we consider a self-interference photon-magnon hybrid model and show phase-dependent Fano-like line shapes which have potential applications in frequency sensing. The photon-magnon hybridization can not only enhance the sensitivity and provide tunable working region, but also enables optical readout of the magnetic field strength in turn. The results in this paper provide a deeper insight into the self interference effect and its potential applications.Propagating surface plasmon waves have been used for many applications including imaging and sensing. However, direct in-plane imaging of micro-objects with surface plasmon waves suffers from the lack of simple, two-dimensional lenses, mirrors, and other optical elements. In this paper, we apply lensless digital holographic techniques and leakage radiation microscopy to achieve in-plane surface imaging with propagating surface plasmon waves. As plasmons propagate in two-dimensions and scatter from various objects, a hologram is formed over the surface. Iterative phase retrieval techniques applied to this hologram remove twin image interference for high-resolution in-plane imaging and enable further applications in real-time plasmonic phase sensing.We theoretically investigate one-dimensional localized gap modes in a coherent atomic gas where an optical lattice is formed by a pair of counterpropagating far-detuned Stark laser fields. StemRegenin 1 mouse The atomic ensembles under study emerge as Λ-type three-level configuration accompanying the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on Maxwell-Bloch equations and the multiple scales method, we derive a nonlinear equation governing the spatial-temporal evolution of the probe-field envelope. We then uncover the formation and properties of optical localized gap modes of two kinds, such as the fundamental gap solitons and dipole gap modes. Furthermore, we confirm the (in)stability regions of both localized gap modes in the respective band-gap spectrum with systematic numerical simulations relying on linear-stability analysis and direct perturbed propagation. The predicted results may enrich the nonlinear horizon to the realm of coherent atomic gases and open up a new door for optical communication and information processing.Most optoelectronic devices share the same basic epitaxial structure - a stack of quantum wells (QWs) sandwiched between p- and n-doped layers. In nitride semiconductors, where holes have 20-times lower mobility than electrons, the holes are able to populate only the topmost 1-2 QWs. The inability to distribute the holes in a large-enough number of QWs is a cause of high Auger recombination in nitride LEDs. Lateral carrier injection is an alternative design, in which the doped regions are situated at the sides of the QW stack and the carriers diffuse horizontally into the QWs. Given that the carriers are injected into all available QWs, it finally makes sense to grow structures with a large number of QWs. We report the results of our computer simulations, which explore the advantages of LCI-based LEDs in terms of energy efficiency.In the development of a high-precision vertical Fizeau interferometer with a 300-mm aperture, the deformation of the transmission flat because of clamping and gravity must be considered. In this paper, we proposed a ring-point support scheme for the deformation calibration of a large-diameter transmission flat. The calibration theory of the ring-point support system with elastic deformation was derived. The changes in the surface and stress field of the transmission flat were analyzed quantitatively by finite element method modeling, leading to the optimization of the support structure. To validate the proposed calibration approach, we performed an absolute test of the transmission flat using a liquid reference. The test result was compared to a measurement of the Zygo interferometer demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed ring-point support design. Finally, with the iterative deformation calibration, the accuracy of the transmission flat reached λ/25 (Peak Valley, PV) for a 300-mm aperture.This paper describes an opto-mechanical concept of a deformable metal mirror membrane, which can shift the focus position over a large range by use of a single actuator. The core element of the mirror is a diamond turned tulip-shaped membrane, the design is optimized to correct astigmatic aberrations which arise from the use of a curved mirror under a deflection angle. For this purpose, the target mirror surface is biconic. The manufactured mirror was tested with a maximum central deflection of 28 µm and, when used in combination with a 200 mm focal lens, is capable of producing a focus shift of up to 17.9 mm with a resulting wavefront aberration of 238.7 nm RMSerror.Occulters with multiple-disk structure are commonly used for mitigating the diffraction light from specific incident angles in external coronagraphs. In the design phase of coronagraphs, it is of great importance to calculate the diffraction propagation of the occulters with high accuracy and high efficiency. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed for the diffraction analysis of multiple-disk occulters based on uniform boundary wave (BDW) diffraction theory. First, an analytical propagator with Fresnel functions is derived for single-disk case, of which the accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated by a numerical example. Then it is proved that the propagator in multiple-disk case was just the iterative use of the single-disk one when neglecting the gradient diffraction term. The analytical propagator presents much improvement on simplification and efficiency compared to former numerical propagators, and hence, is of great significance to future external coronagraph design and analysis.
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