Notes

Frequency-dependent synaptic character differentially track CA1 and also CA2 pyramidal neuron reactions to cortical input.
For the flood period of 21-22 July 2012, we estimated a total of 79 excess deaths among Beijing residents; by contrast, only 34 deaths were reported among Beijing residents in a study using a traditional surveillance approach. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing community-wide changes in mortality rates during the 2012 flood in Beijing, and one of the first to do so for any major flood worldwide. This study offers critical evidence on flood-related health impacts, as urban flooding is expected to become more frequent and severe in China.OBJECTIVE To develop evidence-based recommendations for safe, effective, and appropriate thyroidectomy. BACKGROUND Surgical management of thyroid disease has evolved considerably over several decades leading to variability in rendered care. Over 100,000 thyroid operations are performed annually in the US. METHODS The medical literature from 1/1/1985 to 11/9/2018 was reviewed by a panel of 19 experts in thyroid disorders representing multiple disciplines. The authors used the best available evidence to construct surgical management recommendations. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and management recommendations were discussed to consensus. Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the content. RESULTS These clinical guidelines analyze the indications for thyroidectomy as well as its definitions, technique, morbidity, and outcomes. Specific topics include Pathogenesis and Epidemiology, Initial Evaluation, Imaging, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis, Molecular Testing, Indications, Extent and Outcomes of Surgery, Preoperative Care, Initial Thyroidectomy, Perioperative Tissue Diagnosis, Nodal Dissection, Concurrent Parathyroidectomy, Hyperthyroid Conditions, Goiter, Adjuncts and Approaches to Thyroidectomy, Laryngology, Familial Thyroid Cancer, Postoperative Care and Complications, Cancer Management, and Reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based guidelines were created to assist clinicians in the optimal surgical management of thyroid disease.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for safe, effective and appropriate thyroidectomy. BACKGROUND Surgical management of thyroid disease has evolved considerably over several decades leading to variability in rendered care. Over 100,000 thyroid operations are performed annually in the United States. METHODS The medical literature from January 1, 1985 to November 9, 2018 was reviewed by a panel of 19 experts in thyroid disorders representing multiple disciplines. The authors used the best available evidence to construct surgical management recommendations. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and management recommendations were discussed to consensus. Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the content. RESULTS These clinical guidelines analyze the indications for thyroidectomy as well as its definitions, technique, morbidity, and outcomes. Specific topics include Pathogenesis and Epidemiology, Initial Evaluation, Imaging, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis, Molecular Testing, Indications, Extent and Outcomes of Surgery, Preoperative Care, Initial Thyroidectomy, Perioperative Tissue Diagnosis, Nodal Dissection, Concurrent Parathyroidectomy, Hyperthyroid Conditions, Goiter, Adjuncts and Approaches Laryngology Familial Thyroid Cancer, Postoperative Care and Complications, Cancer Management, and Reoperation. CONCLUSION Evidence-based guidelines were created to assist clinicians in the optimal surgical management of thyroid disease.We report a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with recurrent syncope 15 months after HeartWare left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and was found to have diminished LVAD flow and pulsatility on tilt table testing leading to severe orthostatic hypotension (OH). The prevalence of OH is common, but autonomic dysfunction leading to OH has not been well described in patients with chronic LVAD support. The diagnosis of OH in this setting is challenging due to the decreased pulsatility in the flow generated by LVADs, and tilt table testing can be useful in the evaluation of OH in these patients.Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds traditionally used for the treatment of heart disorders, and recently new therapeutic possibilities were proposed. Their antitumor reports and clinical trials have notably enhanced, including those targeted for lung cancer, the most lethal type that lacks of new treatment agents, instigating the research of these molecules. Monocrotaline The CGs studied here, named C10 3β-[(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetyl]amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin and C18 (3β-(aminoacetyl)amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin), are semisynthetic derivatives prepared from digitoxigenin scaffold. Both compounds demonstrated high cytotoxicity for different cancer cell lines, especially H460 lung cancer cells, and their cytotoxic effects were deeply investigated using different methodological approaches. C10 induced cell death at lower concentrations and during shorter periods of treatment than C18, and increased the number of small and irregular nuclei, which are characteristics of apoptosis. This type of cell death was confirmed by caspase-3/7 assay. Both compounds reduced H460 cells proliferative potential by long-term action, and C10 showed the strongest potential. Moreover, these compounds induced a significant decrease of the area and viability of H460 spheroids providing preclinical favorable profiles to develop new chemotherapeutic agents.OBJECTIVE A causal link between ballet, hip pain, and pathology has not been established. Change in ballet dancers' hip pain and cartilage defect scores were investigated over 5 years. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING Professional ballet company. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one professional ballet dancers (52% men). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Baseline and follow-up Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS-pain subscale); incidence of hip-related pain and levels of dance participation collected daily over 5 years; bony morphology measured on baseline 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change in cartilage defect score on MRI between baseline and 5-year follow-up. RESULTS Cartilage scores did not increase in 19 (90%) dancers. There was one new cartilage defect and one progressed in severity. At follow-up, all 6 dancers with cartilage defects were men. Group HAGOS pain scores were high 97.5 (7.5) and not related to cartilage defects (P = 0.12). Five (83%) dancers with baseline cartilage defects reported HAGOS pain scores less then 100 at follow-up.
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