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This paper aims to investigate, for the first time, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of Psidium myrtoides ripe and unripe fruit. In addition, essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves (PM-EO) collected in dry and rainy seasons to investigate the influence of seasonality and, after that, to evaluate its antifungal activity on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Both GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed that major components determined in PM-EO were β-caryophyllene (20.0% and 32.9%) and limonene (10.4% and 19.8%) in rainy and dry seasons, respectively. High antioxidant capacity was displayed by unripe fruit (IC50 = 3.57 mg/mL) and ripe ones (IC50 = 3.68 mg/mL). Both showed high total phenolic and tannin contents. In sum, PM-EO showed satisfactory antifungal activity, since its inhibitory action on mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was above 70% in the dry season, while it exhibited weak activity in the rainy season.This invited editorial comments on the article 'Ettore's Song'.Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread all around the world. Despite the emergency of COVID-19 worldwide, remdesivir is the only treatment that has been recently approved to treat the diseases, and other effective therapies are still lacking. this website SARS-CoV-2 may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. Based on available data, there is an association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and severe COVID-19. Sarilumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody binding to both membrane-bound and soluble IL-6 receptors with high affinity and has been considered for off-label use in the treatment of COVID-19. Areas covered The present article reviews recently published literature focusing on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, the potential therapeutic role, and important clinical issues of sarilumab in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Expert opinion The off-label treatment administration is unavoidable in the critical situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further efforts should be directed to determine mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced immune dysregulation as well as indications of sarilumab in the patients with COVID-19 to minimize concerns regarding its off-label administration.Lung hyperinflation is an important therapeutic target in symptomatic emphysema patients. Endobronchial therapies that reduce end-expiratory lung volume are increasingly being used in advanced cases. However, there is paucity of data regarding the effects of these therapies on the heart functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the right ventricular functions before and after the procedure in patients who underwent endobronchial coil therapy (EBCT).Patients who were between 18 and 80 years of age and scheduled for EBCT with GOLD 3-4 were enrolled in the study. Right heart functions were evaluated using MPI, TAS, TAPSE. Right atrium area and maximum velocity of tricuspid regurgitation were also noted.A total of 23 patients were enrolled in the study. 21 patients underwent bilateral intervention, while only 2 patients received unilateral treatment. There was an improvement in MPI (0.49 ± 0.15 vs 0.39 ± 0.11, p  less then  0.001) and TAS (11.6 (9 - 15) vs 13.2 (9.80 - 17.0), p = 0.001). Peak TRV (2.52 ± 0.6, 2.38 ± 0.6, p = 0.02) and PASP values were lower in the post-operative period (41.15 ± 5.94 vs 36.83 ± 8.01 p = 0.019).In this current study, we found improved echocardiographic RtV parameters in patients who received EBCT treatment.The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the larvicidal activity of Brunfelsia uniflora leaf and flower extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-four compounds were found in the leaf extract, and the major compounds were phytol (23.1%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (21.3%), and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (12.8%). In the flower extract, twenty-four compounds were also identified and the major compounds were α-amyrin (35.7%), β-amyrin (16.4%), and (EE)-geranyl linalool (9.6%) by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The larvicidal activity was evaluated by larval immersion test. The lethal concentrations (LC) obtained from leaf extract were LC50 = 4.89 and LC99.9 = 11.14 mg/mL and from flower extract were LC50 = 3.82 and LC99.9 = 11.03 mg/mL, and the positive control presented LC50 = 0.40 and LC99.9 = 1.14 mg/mL. Thus, B. uniflora extracts are promising alternatives to control A. aegypti larvae.
To investigate the incidence of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency and PAH genotypes in neonates in Hainan, China.
We performed heal stick to collect blood and obtain dry blood spot specimens from newborns in Hainan from January 2007 to December 2016. Phenylalanine (Phe) concentration in these dry blood spots was measured by the fluorescence method to screen phenylketonuria (PKU). For suspicious samples, the genotypes of the PAH gene were amplified by biotin labeled oligonucleotide primers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were then analyzed by flow-through hybridization to detect genotypes. At the same time, peripheral blood samples of children suspicious of PKU and their parents were used to perform gene sequencing.
Of the 914,520 newborns screened, 29 of them had PAH deficiency. The incidence of PAH deficiency in Hainan was 3.17/100,000. A total of 58 mutant alleles belonging to 15 different types were identified in the 29 patients. In terms of genotypes frequency, the top 4 were
20.7% (12/58) ,
17.2%,
15.2% (9/58) and
13.8% (8/58). The frequencies of other genotypes were all below 10%.
The incidence of PAH deficiency in Hainan is relatively high among all provinces in southern China. With a total frequency of 67.2%,
,
,
and
, and are the most common PAH gene genotypes.
 T, and are the most common PAH gene genotypes.In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the RyR1 Ca2+ channel closure is sensitive to outward trans-SR membrane Ca2+ gradients established by SERCA1 pumping. To perform these studies, we employed stopped-flow rapid-kinetic fluorescence methods to measure and assess how variation in trans-SR membrane Ca2+ distribution affects evolution of RyR1 Ca2+ leaks in RyR1/ CASQ1/SERCA1-rich membrane vesicles. Our studies showed that rapid filling of a Mag-Fura-2-sensitive free Ca2+ pool during SERCA1-mediated Ca2+ sequestration appears to be a crucial condition allowing RyR1 Ca2+ channels to close once reloading of luminal Ca2+ stores is complete. Disruption in the filling of this pool caused activation of Ruthenium Red inhibitable RyR1 Ca2+ leaks, suggesting that SERCA1 pump formation of outward Ca2+ gradients is an important aspect of Ca2+ flux control channel opening and closing. In addition, our observed ryanodine-induced shift in luminal Ca2+ from free to a CTC-Ca+-sensitive, CASQ1-associated bound compartment underscores the complex organization and regulation of SR luminal Ca2+.
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