Notes

Deep extra fat amount modification in the left ventricular hypertrophy electrocardiographic criteria.
This study investigated whether resveratrol could improve meat quality, muscular antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism and fiber type composition of intrauterine growth retarded pigs. Thirty-six pairs of male normal birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) piglets were orally fed with 80 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/d or vehicle during the sucking period (7-21 d). Then the offspring were fed with a basal diet containing 300 mg resveratrol/kg or a basal diet from weaning to slaughter (150 d). The IUGR-impaired meat quality (luminance and yellowness) was associated with muscular oxidative stress via increased Keap1 protein level, fat accumulation, and higher MyHC IIb gene expression. Expectedly, resveratrol increased glutathione peroxidase activity and MyHC I gene expression, reduced protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, enhanced fatty acid oxidation via upregulated PPARα and targeted genes expression, and thereby improving drip loss and yellowness. Results indicate that resveratrol improved meat quality of IUGR pigs through enhancing antioxidant capacity, increasing oxidative fiber composition, and suppressing lipid accumulation.Our objective was to investigate possible differences in muscle fiber characteristics of beef longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks varying in tenderness (very tender vs. intermediate tender). Therefore, the relative abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and activity/abundance of several glycolytic and oxidative enzymes were compared between the two steak groups. Greater (P less then 0.05) content of MHC type IIa (MHC-IIa) and activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) were observed in the very tender steaks. Conversely, intermediate tender steaks had greater (P less then 0.05) contents of MHC type I (MHC-I) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and greater citrate synthase (CS) activity. Increased tenderness in the very tender steaks was associated with greater (P less then 0.05) proteolysis as evaluated by desmin and troponin-T degradation. Further, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was lower (P less then 0.05) in the very tender steaks than steaks of intermediate tenderness. Collectively, shifting muscle characteristics toward a more glycolytic type appears to positively impact postmortem proteolysis and tenderization.Wildfires are natural phenomena which regulate functioning and stability of fire-adapted ecosystems. However, their occurrence may impair the functioning of fire-susceptible ecosystems by disturbing nutrient cycling and biodiversity. This work aimed to identify environmental factors shaping post-fire patterns of shrub expansion in a drained, burned peatland. This research was conducted in a fire-susceptible drained rich fen, located in Biebrza National Park (Poland), which was subjected to a large-scale smouldering fire in 2002. In 2014, water and soil chemistry were studied alongside with foliar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of a native shrub (Salix cinerea) in four vegetation types present after the fire. learn more Unburned areas were dominated by herbaceous plants. Willows present were sparse and low, with chloroses and necroses. Their foliar nutrient content indicated strong K limitation. Moderately burned areas were dominated either by willows or nitrophilous plants. Willows in moderately burned areas had high chlorophyll content in leaves and their foliar nutrient content indicated a lack of evident nutrient limitation. In the moderately burned areas, relatively high contents of phosphates (P-PO43-) were recorded in soil and water. In areas with high fire severity, willows were withdrawing and their foliar nutrient content indicated N limitation. Decreased content of P-PO43- and ammonium (N-NH4+) in soil and water was also observed there. Thus, fire-induced changes in fen geochemistry were recorded twelve years after a disturbance which shaped the long-term dynamics of shrub expansion. The fire ceased K limitation in burned areas and increased P availability. Strong K limitation, which is typical in degraded fens, appeared to be critical for keeping unmanaged fen meadows with low shrub cover. The occurrence of strong K limitation in drained fen ecosystems may reduce the need for investment in conservation practices used to restrict shrub expansion (e.g. regular mowing or shrub removal).Naphthenic acids (NAs) are persistent, toxic contaminants that are found to accumulate in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and tailings after bitumen extraction. A number of strategies for the reclamation of oil sands tailings are currently being tested, including the development of the first demonstration pit lake by Syncrude Canada, Base Mine Lake (BML). An important component of reclamation activities is understanding the source and cycling of NAs in such reclamation systems. However, NAs exist as a highly complex mixture of thousands of compounds which makes their analysis an ongoing challenge. Herein, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS) was used to analyze the methylated extracts of water samples from the water cap and fluid fine tailings (FFT) deposit of BML to characterize the variations in NA distributions between geochemical zones. A collection of (alkylated) monocyclic-, bicyclic-, adamantane-, and thiophene-type carboxylic acids were identified. Total relative abundances were calculated for each NA class (by summation of peak areas of all detected isomers) and minimal variability was detected in the water cap. Total relative abundances for each NA class were either similar or higher in the FFT, relative to the water cap. Examination of isomer distributions indicated that differences in abundance values were generally driven by variations in only one or two isomers of a given NA class. Furthermore, GC × GC revealed distinct isomer profiles were observed between two FFT samples and between the FFT and water cap. While it is not yet clear whether these differences are due to differences in sources of NAs or in their environmental processing, these results illustrate the capability of GC × GC to investigate these questions and thus contribute to the management of these compounds within reclamation or environmental systems.
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