Notes

Role involving intra-operative ultrasound in brain tumor surgical procedures.
A significantly improvement, especially in smoke suppression, suggested that HGOA system may be a candidate as a fire retardant to reduce the flammability of PU foams.The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a type of perineal underwear that protects the patient's physical privacy and to examine its effects on perineal discomfort and shame. This study collected primary data from 44 patients who visited Kyung Hee University hospital in Seoul city and were admitted to the neurosurgery ward to undergo angiography between 7 August 2017, and 30 April 2018. In this quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design, participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22). The control group used conventional protection, which involved wearing padding around the perineum, while the experimental group wore the perineal underwear developed in this study. The underwear group showed a significantly lower degree of shame (Z = -5.39, p less then 0.001) and perineal discomfort (Z = -5.88, p less then 0.001) than the padding group. In the padding group, women felt significantly more shame than men did (Z = -2.48, p = 0.013). The use of the perineal underwear developed in this study significantly reduced the degree of shame and perineal discomfort in patients undergoing angiography. Such perineal underwear could also be useful for protecting patients' privacy during perineal examinations.Potassium homeostasis is fundamental for brain function. Therefore, effective removal of excessive K+ from the synaptic cleft during neuronal activity is paramount. Astrocytes play a key role in K+ clearance from the extracellular milieu using various mechanisms, including uptake via Kir channels and the Na+-K+ ATPase, and spatial buffering through the astrocytic gap-junction coupled network. Recently we showed that alterations in the concentrations of extracellular potassium ([K+]o) or impairments of the astrocytic clearance mechanism affect the resonance and oscillatory behavior of both the individual and networks of neurons. These results indicate that astrocytes have the potential to modulate neuronal network activity, however, the cellular effectors that may affect the astrocytic K+ clearance process are still unknown. In this study, we have investigated the impact of neuromodulators, which are known to mediate changes in network oscillatory behavior, on the astrocytic clearance process. Our results suggest that while some neuromodulators (5-HT; NA) might affect astrocytic spatial buffering via gap-junctions, others (DA; Histamine) primarily affect the uptake mechanism via Kir channels. These results suggest that neuromodulators can affect network oscillatory activity through parallel activation of both neurons and astrocytes, establishing a synergistic mechanism to maximize the synchronous network activity.The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is upregulated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) but its functional role is not known. The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and AT and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinases are key proximal transducers of the DDR. selleck compound This study hypothesized that reducing either ATM or ATR attenuates kidney cyst formation and growth in experimental ADPKD. In vitro, pharmacological ATM inhibition by AZD0156 reduced three-dimensional cyst growth in MDCK and human ADPKD cells by up to 4.4- and 4.1-fold, respectively. In contrast, the ATR inhibitor, VE-821, reduced in vitro MDCK cyst growth but caused dysplastic changes. In vivo, treatment with AZD0156 by oral gavage for 10 days reduced renal cell proliferation and increased p53 expression in Pkd1RC/RC mice (a murine genetic ortholog of ADPKD). However, the progression of cystic kidney disease in Pkd1RC/RC mice was not altered by genetic ablation of ATM from birth, in either heterozygous (Pkd1RC/RC/Atm+/-) or homozygous (Pkd1RC/RC/Atm-/-) mutant mice at 3 months. In conclusion, despite short-term effects on reducing renal cell proliferation, chronic progression was not altered by reducing ATM in vivo, suggesting that this DDR kinase is dispensable for kidney cyst formation in ADPKD.This work addresses the problem of target localization in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed algorithm is based on a hybrid system that employs angle of arrival (AOA) and received signal strength (RSS) measurements, where the target's transmit power is considered as an unknown parameter. Although both cases of a known and unknown target's transmit power have been addressed in the literature, most of the existing approaches for unknown transmit power are either carried out recursively, or require a high computational cost. This results in an increased execution time of these algorithms, which we avoid in this work by proposing a single-iteration solution with moderate computational complexity. By exploiting the measurement models, a non-convex least squares (LS) estimator is derived first. Then, to tackle its nonconvexity, we resort to second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation techniques to transform the non-convex estimator into a convex one. Additionally, to make the estimator tighter, we exploit the angle between two vectors by using the definition of their inner product, which arises naturally from the derivation steps that are taken. The proposed method not only matches the performance of a computationally more complex state-of-the-art method, but it outperforms it for small N. This result is of a significant value in practice, since one desires to localize the target using the least number of anchor nodes as possible due to network costs.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Most patients with PDAC present with an advanced disease stage and treatment-resistant tumors. The lack of noninvasive tests for PDAC diagnosis and survival prediction mandates the identification of novel biomarkers. The early identification of high-risk patients and patients with PDAC is of utmost importance. In addition, the identification of molecules that are associated with tumor biology, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential is crucial to predict survival and to provide patients with personalized treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current literature and focus on newer biomarkers, which are continuously added to the armamentarium of PDAC screening, predictive tools, and prognostic tools.
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