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vice on pregnancy and give birth should be an option. Structured professional and peer-support rehabilitation groups (physical meetings or online) on pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood may be of value for the parents due to the rarity of the diagnosis. Online information and knowledge on pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood and NMD should be widely available. Health professionals and peers can help ensure and support an experience of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness among the parents with NMD and develop rehabilitation services that meet the needs and preferences of people considering getting a child or who are already parents with NMDs or other disabilities.Although prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in European males, the only minimally invasive diagnostic tool in PCa setup is the determination of PSA in serum. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been demonstrated to be helpful for PCa diagnosis but has not yet been integrated into the clinical setting. This review aims to provide a systematic update of cfDNA and its fragmentation patterns in PCa reported in literature published over the last twenty years. Due to the high variability of the scientific methods adopted and a lack of standardized median cfDNA levels, results fluctuate across different studies. These differences may be due to the cfDNA source, the quantification method, or the fragmentation pattern. Blood plasma is the most frequently analyzed biological fluid, but seminal plasma has been reported to contain higher cfDNA concentration due to its vicinity to the tumor origin. CfDNA has been shown to be composed of single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), so the total cfDNA concentration should be preferred as it corresponds best to the tumor mass. Fluorometry and capillary electrophoresis (CE) may be quick and cost-effective tools for cfDNA assessment in a clinical setting. The greatest future challenge is the elaboration of common guidelines and standardized procedures for diagnostic laboratories performing cfDNA analysis. A multiparametric approach combining the analysis of total cfDNA (both ssDNA and dsDNA), cfDNA fragment length, and specific genetic mutations (ctDNA assessment) is required for optimal future applications of liquid biopsy.
Progress testing aligns well with competency-based medical education (CBME) frameworks, which stress the importance of continuous improvement. Entrustment is a useful assessment concept in CBME models. read more The purpose of this study was to explore the use of an entrustability rating scale within the context of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) Progress Test.

A 9-case OSCE Progress Test was administered to Internal Medicine residents (PGYs 1-4). Residents were assessed using a checklist (CL), global rating scale (GRS), training level rating scale (TLRS), and entrustability scale (ENT). Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Differences in performance by training year were explored using ANOVA and effect sizes were calculated using partial eta-squared. Examiners completed a post-examination survey.

Ninety one residents and forty two examiners participated in the OSCE. Inter-station reliability was high for all instruments. There was an overall effect of training level for all instruments (
 < 0.001). Effect sizes were large. 88% of examiners completed the survey. Most (62%) indicated feeling comfortable in making entrustment decisions during the OSCE.

An entrustability scale can be used in an OSCE Progress Test to generate highly reliable ratings that discriminate between learners at different levels of training.
An entrustability scale can be used in an OSCE Progress Test to generate highly reliable ratings that discriminate between learners at different levels of training.
The learner has a central role in feedback. We developed a feedback workshop for medical students grounded in two concepts (1) Student agency in feedback and its interplay in the context of brief clinical attachments; (2) The educational alliance.

To determine whether a brief feedback training workshop prior to a series of two-week clinical attachments improves agentic student feedback behaviour (e.g. seeking, recognising, evaluating and utilising feedback) and student satisfaction with feedback.

We conducted surveys among three consecutive student cohorts undertaking three fortnightly paediatric clinical attachments. We pilot tested a workshop with Cohort 1 and implemented it for the entire Cohorts 2 (
 = 58) and 3 (
 = 68). Participants completed the same survey at the start and end of term, with different free-text items. Quantitative and qualitative responses were compared between groups.

Student-reported agentic feedback behaviour increased across all outcomes except for feedback utilisation. Overall student satisfaction with feedback increased during the term in Cohorts 2 (23-65%,
 = 0.002) and 3 (40-70%,
 = 0.003) but not in Cohort 1 non-participating students (27-42%,
 = 0.42).

A brief one-off student-directed feedback workshop may improve agentic student feedback behaviours (e.g. feedback-seeking) and student satisfaction with feedback.
A brief one-off student-directed feedback workshop may improve agentic student feedback behaviours (e.g. feedback-seeking) and student satisfaction with feedback.The study investigated the effects of Jatropha curcas (JC) and Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) on hydrocarbon concentration levels in mine spoils. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was adopted. With compost amendments, JC caused 78.8 and 82.2% and VZ caused 51.1 and 39.7% decline in soil TPH and TOG concentrations, respectively after 16 weeks. Compost amendments significantly reduced TOG and TPH concentrations compared to the other treatments in both JC and VZ (p  less then  0.0001). However, the effect of species on TOG and TPH concentrations were marginally significant (p = 0.081 and p  less then  0.006, respectively). Growth in height, collar diameter and number of leaves in JC were significantly higher in the compost amendment compared to the fertilizer and control treatments (p  less then  0.0001). Number of leaves (p = 0.009) and collar diameter growth (p = 0.010) were significantly lower in contaminated soils compared to non-contaminated soils.
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