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Bioactivity descriptors with regard to uncharacterized substances.
CONCLUSIONS The complex and variable spatial conformation of V3 makes individual diagnostic and preoperative approach necessary.Exercise has been shown to be beneficial to the skeleton, in both humans and animals. This study was done to test the sex-related difference in the risk of OA (osteoarthritis) of the knee joint and also on the subchondral bone after moderate running exercise. Forty male and female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups (2 male and 2 female groups) in a same condition. Ten of each sex were selected as control groups, while running exercises were performed in remained 20 male and female rats using a motor treadmill to motivate rats to run daily distances of 1 km at 5 days/week within six weeks. On day 43, all animals were sacrificed and the knee articular cartilage and also histomorphometric parameters of subchondral bone and mid shaft of tibia were evaluated. Results showed mild OA in both male and female runner groups. Results in male runner rats were significantly lesser than that in female runners. this website On the other hand, the difference in female runner group showed significant changes in comparison with other groups in histomorphometric parameters in tibia. Obtained results showed that the development of knee OA and subchondral bone changes may be related to the sex differences. Although there was no synovitis in male runners but female runner group showed mild hyperemia dropsy with a moderate synovitis in this region.BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin (OX) has been widely used for treatment of colorectal and other cancers. Adverse effect of OX and other anticancer agents on cognition have been reported, but studies on the effects of chemotherapy on brain structure are scarce. This study describes the morphometrical features of the hippocampus structures in rat following OX treatment using design-based stereological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups. The rats from OX group received 2.4 mg/kg OX in vehicle for five consecutive days every week for 2 weeks intraperitoneally (IP). Controls received vehicle only. Cavalieri 's method and the optical fractionator method were used for volume and neuron estimation, respectively. RESULTS Cavalieri 's method was used for to estimate volume and showed that the volume of the hippocampus was significantly decreased in OX group (31.84 ± 1.24 mm³) compared with the vehicle control group (36.95 ± 3.48 mm³). The optical fractionator method was used to estimate neuron number and showed that the number of neurons in dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis 1 and 3 in OX group (8.147 ± 2.84 × 10⁵, 4.257 ± 0.59 × 10⁵ and 2.133 ± 0.22 × 10⁵, respectively) did not differ from those of vehicle control group (7.36 ± 1.42 × 10⁵, 3.521 ± 0.54 × 10⁵ and 1.989 ± 0.46 × 10⁵, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that OX treatment induce loss of hippocampal volume without neuronal loss which might help to clarify the mechanism by which OX affects cognition and to improve preventive treatment strategies.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Group sharing of prenatal care and inpatient obstetric (OB) call is increasingly replacing single-provider longitudinal models including in family medicine (FM) residencies. Such change in care models could impact continuity of prenatal and delivery care.The University of Rochester's family medicine residency program changed the resident maternal care coverage to an obstetric group model from a single-provider model in 2016 to improve work-life balance, which provided an opportunity to examine how these two practice styles impacted provider continuity. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of family medicine resident-assigned obstetric patients receiving care at the University of Rochester's residency clinic. The study evaluated provider continuity differences in two models of prenatal care and obstetric call (1) single provider model (SPM) with one primary provider and one backup support resident vs (2) OB group-provider model (GPM) with three to four resident providers and one primary provider. RESULTS The average number of different providers seen significantly increased in the GPM vs SPM (3.47 vs 2.87, P=.02), however the average percentage of prenatal visits with either a primary or designated backup provider was not statistically different (83.1% vs 90.1%, P=.07). Among delivery continuity measures, there was no significant difference between models in the percentage of deliveries attended by the primary or designated backup residents compared with nongroup providers. (76.9% vs 82.3%, P=.51). CONCLUSIONS This study provides quantitative evidence on how differing models of residency maternal care coverage impact continuity of care. Study findings did not show an inferiority of an OB group-provider model compared to a single-provider model when considering how often patients were seen prenatally and delivered by providers from their continuity group.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interprofessional education is a critical component of medical student training, yet it is often difficult to implement. Medical students who learn with, from, and about learners from other disciplines have been shown to create more effective and safe health care teams. The investigators wanted to know how participating in two interprofessional observed structured clinical exams (OSCEs) at Tufts University School of Medicine (TUSM) would affect changes in medical students' attitudes and values in interprofessional teamwork. METHODS For the academic years 2017 and 2018, two interprofessional case scenarios were integrated into OSCEs for third-year medical students at TUSM, with an allied embedded actor (AEA) playing a social worker to an end-of-life scenario, and an AEA playing the role of a pharmacy student added to a chronic pain scenario. Students participated in didactic training about interprofessional teamwork and received structured feedback regarding interprofessional competencies following simulation cases. Changes in interprofessional knowledge and attitudes were assessed by comparing student pre- and postscenario mean scores on the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21, a 21-item scale survey), with students rating themselves on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all) to 7 (to a very great extent). We performed paired t-test analysis on individual pre- and post-ISVS-21 means. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-three of the 417 participating medical students fully completed pre- and postsurveys. Students reported significant changes in interprofessional knowledge and attitudes (mean change=1.3, P less then .0001). Students and faculty regarded the interprofessional cases very highly. CONCLUSIONS Placing interprofessional cases involving AEAs into OSCE events is easily replicated, and positively impacts students' attitudes and values in interprofessional knowledge.
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