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ADN:
Extremo fosfato libre-extremo azúcar libre
Unión de las dos hélices mediante puentes H. Las bases nitrogenadas se unen mediante puentes H. La cantidad de bases no es la queda características sino la posición de las mismas.
Para replicar ADN se necesitan las hebras de ADN originales, nucleótidos libres y enzimas que desenrrollen, abran y copien las bases nitrogenadas.
ADN Helicasa: abre la doble hélice, ADN Polimerasa: copia las bases con nucleótidos libres y va formando las nuevas hebras, la ADN Ligasa une estas hebras. Cada hebra madre se asocia con su hebra hija.
Las burbujas de replicación son los espacios de ADN abiertos por la ADN Helicasa.
El proceso de duplicado de ADN se llama "Replicación Semiconservativa" y da dos ihuales en caso de que no se hayan cometido errores.
MUTACIONES:
Puntuales, Inserción, Supresión, Inversión y translocación.
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