Notes

Desynchronized circadian time and also exposures to be able to xenobiotics are usually linked to differentiated disease phenotypes: The software involving desynchronized circadian time clock as well as exposures in order to xenobiotics would likely result in adverse reaction and recovery.
On February 19, 2020, the Iranian government officially confirmed the first deaths due to COVID-19 and within a week, all universities were closed. The purpose of this study is to explore Iranian medical students' psychological and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive phenomenological study was conducted on 52 medical students. Data were collected using a purposive sampling method by means of synchronous virtual focus group discussions which were conducted using the WhatsApp messaging application. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software version 2020. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three categories consisting of psychological responses to the pandemic and the behavioral and psychological responses to the quarantine. Most of the extracted themes are related to students' psychological reactions to the pandemic. During the quarantine period, students suffered from uncertainty, experienced boredom, worried about delay in their graduation, and were concerned about losing employment opportunities. Medical students must be prepared for crisis situations like the present pandemic. We recommend that online courses and training programs be developed with the aim of offsetting the negative effects of university closure on students' education and skill training.To evaluate the current views on doctor-patient relationship (DPR) between citizens and medical staff in post-Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) period and predict the possible factors of DPR, we distributed questionnaires by a online questionnaire platform--Questionnaire Star (https//www.wjx.cn) to evaluate DPR in post-COVID-19 period. Overall, 312 questionnaires for citizens and 421 questionnaires for medical staff were completed. Citizens felt that service attitude and communication with medical staff, and registering process have been improved. And their trust in doctors has increased by 86.8%. Majority of citizens (66.0%) preferred the tertiary hospitals. If doctor-patient contradictions occurred, 62.9% citizens preferred internal negotiation (with the doctor involved, 44.6%; with hospital management department, 18.3%). There was significant difference of views on the causes of medical violence incidents and the reasons for doctor-patient conflicts in the future between citizens and medical staff. The DPR score of medical staff was lower than citizens at each stage, and even showed a downward tendency in post-COVID-19 period. Furthermore, 20.4% medical staff believed that harmonious DPR would not be maintained, which was distinct from that of the citizens. Combating the COVID-19 provided an important opportunity to improve the DPR. However, unbalanced allocation of high-quality medical resources, gap between the actual treatment efficacy and patient's expectation, fairness and efficiency issues, financial conflicts, and medical information symmetry were still the influencing factors of DPR.The aim of the article is to present a description of the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Movie Consumption Questionnaires (MCQ) - Immersion and MCQ - Experience. The instrument, created by Fornerino, Helme-Guizon and Gotteland (2008) allows measuring movie consumption in terms of immersion, the intensity of emotions and the intensity of social interactions during the screening. The Polish adaptation of the tool involved two stages, whose participants were movie-goers attending screening events at a cinema (N=577). ESI-09 The factor structure of the adapted instrument strongly resembles that obtained in the original study (RMSEA0.8). Criterion validity was also verified through the use of questionnaires that examine the following affect - PANAS-X (Fajkowska & Marszał-Wiśniewska, 2009), emotionality - HEXACO (Szarota et al., 2007) and mindfulness - Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Skala Świadomej Obecności; Radoń, 2014). Results of the analyses suggest that the adapted scales may be used as satisfactory tools for measuring movie consumption. By the same token, they may be useful in further psychological exploration of the movie screening phenomenon, with particular regard to immersion, emotional reactions and social interactions of the viewer.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused huge losses and massive damage to socio-economic development around the globe, which might even potentially evolve into a humanitarian crisis as it continues to spread. In response to the further resulting public threats, collaborative research, rapid production, and efficient and just distribution of vaccines have been given a top priority. However, there exists a serious inefficiency and injustice in the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines among different countries, regions, and social classes currently. Richer countries and regions have acquired far more vaccines than needed, further exacerbating the severity of the epidemic in underdeveloped and marginalized countries and regions. From a perspective of critical global justice, we explore the causes of the inefficient and unjust global distribution of vaccines and comprehensively examine the shortcomings of the current distribution frameworks, such as COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility (COVAX). Then, under the framework of critical global justice, we propose a multi-phase fair priority model that improves the existing proportional distribution mechanism. This solution to the global injustice reoptimizes the cross-border and domestic vaccine distribution and aims to resolve the pandemic more efficiently. The proposed framework and methodology of vaccine distribution could be taken as an opportunity to consistently promote the development of the global socio-economic structure towards global justice more broadly and systematically.
Patients with chronic low back pain can contribute to a global socioeconomic burden. Current international recommendations emphasize that low back pain management should occur at the primary-care level. However, there is a lack of essential services for low back pain management at the primary-care level in Saudi Arabia. We explored the current state of low back pain management in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of spine surgeons and physiotherapists.

A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted on spine surgeons and physiotherapists. A total of 17 healthcare workers, 8 spine surgeons (age range 28-49 years) and 9 physiotherapists (age range 30-49 years) participated in the study. Data were recorded and analyzed thematically.

Three main themes were identified from the interview data that outlined current low back pain management in Saudi Arabia clinical guideline availability and pathways of care, utilization of primary care services, and overutilization of secondary care resources.

This study suggests underutilization of primary care services and overutilization of secondary care services in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the implementation of local clinical guidelines could improve patient care as well as reduce the cost of low back pain management.
This study suggests underutilization of primary care services and overutilization of secondary care services in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the implementation of local clinical guidelines could improve patient care as well as reduce the cost of low back pain management.
In developing countries like India, many women with mental illness are residing in shelter care homes (SCHs) without their wish. SCHs are residential facilities provided to the socially and economically backward women for free of cost. These facilities are funded by government or voluntary organizations.

To understand the living experiences of homeless women with chronic mental illness (HWCMI) admitted in SCHs.

This article highlights learning from a qualitative study, 17 HWCMI participated in the research. Along with their past experiences, present life, and expectations in the future, other socio-demographic details also recorded. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach with the Atlas ti-8 software. Findings Three main themes were emerged from the analysis such as 'Eventful past', 'Stagnant present', and 'Hopeful future'. The theme 'Eventful past' shows clear pathways to homelessness. 'Stagnant present' reflects upon trapped present life and their concerns and care-related aspects. The final theme, 'hopeful future', depicts strong hope in future and readiness for changing their living situations. The findings are discussed in the background of current trends in psychiatric rehabilitation and what is lacking in the Indian context.

This study attempts to unveil the gender-specific and person-centric explanations of experiences associated with the combination of homelessness and mental illness.
This study attempts to unveil the gender-specific and person-centric explanations of experiences associated with the combination of homelessness and mental illness.Rape myths are widespread and contribute to a rape culture that excuses and normalizes permissive attitudes surrounding rape and sexual assault. To combat rape culture and decrease sexual assault, many programs focus on reducing rape myth acceptance (RMA). To best assess outcomes of such prevention efforts, we must ensure we are accurately measuring this construct. Current RMA scales are decades old and focus almost exclusively on cisgender women. As such, they are outdated and leave out important experiences of cisgender men and gender diverse individuals. The Gender Inclusive Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (GIRMA) was developed to address such limitations in current measures. Two studies were completed to develop and establish preliminary validation of the GIRMA. Study One included 614 adults in the United States, recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk; Study Two included 414 adults in the United States, recruited in the same way. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with an original pool of 73 items that included myths about the experiences of cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender, and gender diverse individuals. Parallel analysis indicated a single factor structure for measuring rape myths. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for Study Two, which supported the single-factor approach. These analyses resulted in a concise, robust, inclusive 18-item scale to measure rape myths. Model fit was excellent, as was reliability. Additionally, construct validity was supported through examining the relationship between the GIRMA and previously validated RMA and sexism scales. The GIRMA offers researchers the ability to fully assess the construct of rape myths in a short, psychometrically sound manner. Future research is needed to investigate the reliability of the GIRMA in other populations.This qualitative study was informed by critical race feminism and explored Black women's experiences with the police with a particular focus on how issues of race, racism, oppression, and subordination inform their experiences. It sought to answer three research questions (1) What is known about Black women's experiences with the police in the context of intimate partner violence? (2) Given their experiences with the police, what is their perception of the police? and (3) To what extent do women construct counter-narratives of their experiences with the police and what does that involve? The sample was comprised of 25 participants, 15 of whom were arrested. The women were over the age of 18 and lived in the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding areas. Most women expressed that they had negative encounters with the police, which was influenced by the police's negative perceptions of them. Black women who called the police to intervene in an intimate partner violence incident were subjected to great scrutiny and vulnerable to racialized and gendered police violence.
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