Notes

MNHN-Tree-Tools: A new collection for sapling inference employing multi-scale clustering of an group of patterns.
Machine Learning (ML) is on the rise in medicine, promising improved diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic clinical tools. While these technological innovations are bound to transform health care, they also bring new ethical concerns to the forefront. One particularly elusive challenge regards discriminatory algorithmic judgements based on biases inherent in the training data. A common line of reasoning distinguishes between justified differential treatments that mirror true disparities between socially salient groups, and unjustified biases which do not, leading to misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment. In the curation of training data this strategy runs into severe problems though, since distinguishing between the two can be next to impossible. We thus plead for a pragmatist dealing with algorithmic bias in healthcare environments. By recurring to a recent reformulation of William James's pragmatist understanding of truth, we recommend that, instead of aiming at a supposedly objective truth, outcome-based therapeutic usefulness should serve as the guiding principle for assessing ML applications in medicine.The natural pigment fucoxanthin has attracted global attention because of its superior antioxidant properties. The haptophyte marine microalgae Pavlova spp. are assumed to be promising industrial fucoxanthin producers as their lack of a cell wall could facilitate the commercialization of cultured cells as a whole food. This study screened promising Pavlova strains with high fucoxanthin content to develop an outdoor cultivation method for fucoxanthin production. Initial laboratory investigations of P. pinguis NBRC 102807, P. lutheri NBRC 102808, and Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 identified OPMS 30543 as having the highest fucoxanthin content. learn more The culture conditions were optimized for OPMS 30543. Compared with f/2 and Walne's media, the use of Daigo's IMK medium led to the highest biomass production and highest fucoxanthin accumulation. The presence of seawater elements in Daigo's IMK medium was necessary for the growth of OPMS 30543. OPMS 30543 was then cultured outdoors using acrylic pipe photobioreactors, a plastic bag, an open tank, and a raceway pond. Acrylic pipe photobioreactors with small diameters enabled the highest biomass production. Using an acrylic pipe photobioreactor with 60-mm diameter, a fucoxanthin productivity of 4.88 mg/L/day was achieved in outdoor cultivation. Thus, this study demonstrated the usefulness of Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 for fucoxanthin production in outdoor cultivation.Almost quarter of a century long studies aimed at identification, isolation, culturing, and use of postnatal pluripotent cells for the development of cell-based technologies have not met with success and failed to provide reliable and reproducible protocols of cell isolation, identification, and culturing. At the same time, experimental data in this field suggest that postnatal pluripotent cells are not the copies of embryonic cells and, therefore, the tests routinely used for identification of embryonic pluripotent cells are not fully adequate for characterization of their postnatal analogues. Therefore, cell lineage tracing methods showing the differentiation routes of the studied cells in human or animal body after birth should be developed and used.Transcription factor PU.1 is involved in hematopoiesis and is expressed in various cells of the inflammatory infiltrate of the tumor stroma, mainly in macrophages. The expression of PU.1 in 100 samples of non-small cell lung cancer was analyzed by the immunohistochemical method. The number of PU.1+ cells did not correlate with clinical and morphological parameters of the tumors. However, increased number of PU.1+ cells significantly correlated with favorable prognosis in adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, transcription factor PU.1 can serve as a stromal prognostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer depending on the histological type of the tumor.We studied the effects of low-dose ozone therapy on the sleep quality of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and insomnia by measuring the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and GABA in blood serum. The 3-month course of low-dose ozone therapy significantly elevated serum BDNF and GABA in CHD patients with insomnia and improved parameters of anxiety, depression, and sleep quality according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Self-Rating Scale of Sleep (SRSS). Ozone therapy also significantly (p less then 0.05) improved the total antioxidant status of the body by elevating catalase activity and reducing malondialdehyde and 8-OHdeoxyguanosine in the saliva. The serum levels of BDNF and GABA negatively and closely correlated with PSQI and HADS scores. Low-dose ozone therapy improved sleep quality and reduced PSQI and HADS scores due to up-regulation of BDNF and GABA.We compared qualitative characteristics of the connective tissue at the site of implantation of polypropylene or a biodegradable polymer synthesized by electrospinning and consisting of 65% polycaprolactone and 35% polytrimethylene carbonate. Synthetic materials were implanted into the interfascial space of the muscles on the back of Wistar rats. The parameters of cellular and non-cellular structures of the forming connective tissue were studied in 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after implantation. It was found that the number of fibrocytes and fibroblasts around biopolymer and polypropylene increased during the period from 1 to 9 months, with a significant lag in case of biopolymer implantation; by 12 months, the number of fibrocytic cells did not significantly differ. The fibroplastic and angioplastic processes developed in the thickness of both materials, but with a one-month lag in case of biopolymer implantation due to degradation properties and nonporous structure of this polymer. Collagen fibers were actively synthesized around both materials, but in case of polypropylene, this process was more pronounced. In 6 months after implantation of polypropylene, dense regular connective tissue was formed; in 12 months after implantation of the biopolymer, the formation of dense irregular connective tissue was observed at the site of implantation. The biopolymer can be used to strengthen the core muscles.
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