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Existence of pharmaceutical drugs as well as alloys from the marine environments of an Mediterranean resort wetland: Probable interactions along with the influence from the environment.
UV-induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of the generation of UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is likely that the anti-skin wrinkling effect of RYME could be attributable to selective inhibition of UV induced ERK-1/2 protein phosphorylation. © Korean Society of Toxicology 2019.Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is a medicinal plant, used in traditional practice for treating diseases like hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the possible hepato-protective effect of M. charantia following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in diabetic rats. 48 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (A-G) of 7 animals per group and treated according to protocols. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection (45 mg/kg body weight). The animals were euthanized on the 10th week with liver removed for examination and blood obtained via cardiac puncture and centrifuged to collect the sera. Blood glucose levels (BGL) were consistently and significantly raised (p  less then  0.05) in all groups not receiving the adjuvant M. charantia. Treatment with M. charantia reverses the increase in BGL to near normal. Markers of liver injury assayed showed significant increase (p  less then  0.05) in AST, ALP and ALT levels in groups not receiving M. charantia. Adjuvant HAART and M. charantia caused significant declines in the liver enzymes (p  less then  0.05). Serum GGT was not markedly altered. Treatment with M. charantia significantly restored liver enzymes elevations to near normal comparable to control. Histopathological observations ranged from severe hepatocellular distortions, necrosis and massive fibrosis following treatment of HAART in diabetic groups not receiving M. charantia. Treatment with M. charantia did not show any sign of hepatotoxicity as judged from the histological and biochemical observations. © Korean Society of Toxicology 2019.Withdrawal syndrome is one of the initial focuses of opioid detoxification. Very low dose naltrexone (VLNTX) has been found to reduce opioid tolerance and dependence in animal and human clinical studies. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of VLNTX during early stages of detoxification. In a multi-arm parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 63 opioid-dependent male participants referring to Imam Reza Rehabilitation Center were allocated to three equal groups using block randomization method. They received 0.125 mg, 0.250 mg of VLNTX or placebo daily for 10 days, together with the routine clonidine-based protocol. Self-reported and observer ratings of withdrawal severity and adverse events were measured on the 1st, 4th and 10th day of treatment. Runny eyes (p = 0.006), anxiety (p = 0.031) and dehydration (p = 0.014) were reduced during the whole 10 days in the 0.125 mg VLNTX-treated group compared to placebo. Only drowsiness (p = 0.043) and dysphoric mood (p  less then  0.001) were reduced in the 0.250 mg VLNTX-treated group. Results of 1st, 4th, and 10th-day assessment showed that most symptoms reductions were for the 0.125 mg VLNTX and the placebo group in the 1st and 4th days, respectively. On the 10th day, there was not any significant difference between 0.250 mg VLNTX-treated group and placebo group. No adverse effect was observed. In the starting days of detoxification, VLNTX can reduce the withdrawal symptoms, but the efficacy declined by passing time. Further studies are needed to test the utility of this new therapeutic approach. © Korean Society of Toxicology 2019.1-Methylnaphthalene is generally utilized in solvents, as an intermediate in organic synthesis, a dye carrier, in resins, and others. There are some toxicological studies of 1-methylnaphthalene; however, inhalation toxicity studies are rare. Each of 10 male and female F344 rats was exposed to vapors of 1-methylnaphthalene for 13 weeks (6 h a day, 5 days per week) at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 4, and 30 ppm in a whole-body inhalation chamber system. Odanacatib The exposure concentrations were 0.52 ± 0.05, 4.08 ± 0.25, and 30.83 ± 1.28 ppm for the low-, middle-, and high-dose group, respectively. Body weight changes were not affected by exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene. Blood prothrombin time was delayed at 30 ppm in male and female groups, and activated partial thromboplastin time was also delayed at 30 ppm in the male group. Values of alanine aminotransferase in the serum were decreased and those of albumin were increased at 30 ppm in the male group. Differential cell counts and levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were not affected. However, mucous cell hyperplasia in the nasopharyngeal tissues was found and the severity was correlated to exposure concentrations. In conclusion, 1-methylnaphthalene mainly affects the upper respiratory system and the no-observed-adverse-effect level is suggested to be 4 ppm on the basis of histopathological findings. © Korean Society of Toxicology 2019.Owing to an increase in the consumption of herbal products as supplementary diets or functional foods, their safety has become an important issue. Repeated oral administration to rats for 13-week was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of a mixture of Korean red ginseng and deer antler extract, the most popular traditional herbal ingredients. Three test groups for the mixture of Korean red ginseng and deer antler extract were administered at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in addition to a control group (water for injection). 10 male and 10 female rats were included in each group, and we evaluated the clinical, clinicopathological, and histopathological changes in the rats. One male rat in the test group at 1000 mg/kg/day died; however, it was considered a spontaneous death unrelated to the administration of the test substance. No test substance-related toxic effects were noted in rats in terms of body weight, food consumption, ophthalmological findings, urinalysis, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, organ weights, gross postmortem findings, and histopathological findings.
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