Notes

MELD-XI Credit score States Earlier Mortality throughout Patients Soon after Heart Hair loss transplant.
Il problema dell'inconscio nella psicologia moderna [The problem of the unconscious in modern psychology], published in 1942, was the first of Jung's books translated into Italian. The original German title was Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart [Soul's problems of the future], a collection of previously-issued short essays. The present paper reconstructs the story of how the book was chosen and eventually published, describing the historical and personal context surrounding the protagonists (translators and publisher) of the volume. The political and cultural situation of the time in Italy is presented the country was dominated by Catholic culture and Idealism, both obstacles to the spread of psychology. The condition of Italy is compared with that of Germany with respect to the possibility of Freud's and Jung's ideas circulating. Then the paper describes the specific context in which Giovanni Bollea, who had the idea of translating Jung's book in Italy, worked. The role of Bollea's wife, Renata Jesi, is also highlighted. Bollea's relationship with the Einaudi publishing house and with Jung is also explained. Finally, an attempt is made to show the relevance of this episode in the history of Italian culture and its consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).A frequently recounted narrative about the history of the scientific study of emotion moves quickly from the 19th century pioneers, Charles Darwin and William James, to the 1960s when the cognitive turn and basic emotions approach reemerged. The early-to-mid 20th century is often passed over as a period of behaviorist domination where little substantive work on inner states such as emotion took place. While the neurological theories of James Papez and Paul MacLean proposed during this period are usually mentioned, psychological experimentation and theorizing are typically given short shrift when discussing this era. Reconsideration of the life and work of Elizabeth Duffy (1904-1970), a trenchant critic of the use of emotion as a scientific term during the 1930s and 1940s, reveals that many contemporary debates about the definition of emotion and its relationship to other psychological terms were engaged with vigor during this supposedly arid period for the scientific study of emotion. Duffy questioned the adequacy of everyday language for describing foundational psychological constructs. In her opinion, the term emotion was too imprecise and poorly defined to be of use for scientific purposes The professional difficulties faced by female scientists of her generation are among the multiplicity of factors that contribute to the lack of historical attention to Duffy's work. Here we present Duffy's life and work as a case study of the "emotionology" of second-generation American women psychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Our emotional response to people is discordant with their emotional experience in competitive situations; this phenomenon is termed "counterempathy." Using event-related potentials, this study investigated the neural underpinnings of the effect of forgiveness on counterempathy. Twenty-seven female university students participated in a two phase-interpersonal competitive game with two other players whose smiles and frowns indicated the participant's losing and winning, respectively. In the "passive" phase, participants were passively punished with a high- or low-intensity noise chosen by the opponent each time they lost a trial (i.e., the opponent smiles). During the break, participants received a negative or friendly message from each opponent. Participants were more likely to forgive the opponent who had sent a friendly message. In the "active" phase, participants could punish both opponents when they won a trial (i.e., the opponent frowns). Behavioral data showed that participants' empathic responses were inconsistent with the opponents' expressions, and that forgiveness could weaken this effect. The electrophysiological data revealed that both very early emotional sharing (reflected in the N170) and late elaborative cognitive evaluation stage (reflected in the P300) of counterempathy were affected by forgiveness, whereas the early automatic cognitive evaluation stage (reflected in the feedback-related negativity [FRN]) was not. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective High dropout rates are common in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders (PTSD + SUD). Optimizing attendance is a priority for PTSD + SUD treatment development, yet research has found few consistent associations to guide responsive strategies. In this study, we employed a data-driven pipeline for identifying salient and reliable predictors of attendance. Method In a novel application of the iterative Random Forest algorithm (iRF), we investigated the association of individual level characteristics and session attendance in a completed RCT for PTSD + SUD (n = 70; women = 22 [31.4%]). iRF identified a group of potential predictor candidates for the total trial sessions attended; then, a Poisson regression model assessed the association between the iRF-identified factors and attendance. As a validation set, a parallel regression of significant predictors was conducted on a second, independent RCT for PTSD + SUD (n = 60; women = 48 [80%]). Results Two testable hypotheses were derived from iRF's variable importance measures. Faster within-treatment improvement of PTSD symptoms was associated with greater session attendance with age moderating this relationship (p = .01) faster PTSD symptom improvement predicted fewer sessions attended among younger patients and more sessions among older patients. Full-time employment was also associated with fewer sessions attended (p = .02). In the validation set, the interaction between age and speed of PTSD improvement was significant (p = .05) and the employment association was not. Conclusions Results demonstrate the potential of data-driven methods to identifying meaningful predictors as well as the dynamic contribution of symptom change during treatment to understanding RCT attendance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Questionnaire studies show people with minoritized sexual orientations (MSOs) face increased risk for conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study replicated Harrington et al.'s (2019) electronic health record probabilistic algorithm to evaluate lifetime PTSD prevalence in Veterans Health Administration (VHA)-using veterans. Method In 115,853 MSO veterans and a 13 matched (on sex assigned at birth, and age at and year of first VHA visit) sample of non-MSO veterans. Each veteran was given a probability of "likely PTSD" (0.0-1.0) and thresholds (e.g., 0.7) applied to minimize false positive classifications. Results Veterans with MSO were 2.35 times, CI [2.33, 2.38], more likely to have "likely PTSD" than veterans with non-MSO. The prevalence of "likely PTSD" using the rule-based International Classification of Diseases (ICD) approach was 40.8% among the MSO group compared to 22.0% among the non-MSO group after excluding those with bipolar or schizophrenia diagnoses and those with limited VHA engagement. Without those exclusions, prevalence was slightly higher in both groups (46.1% vs. 24.3%, respectively; prevalence ratio 1.90). Despite increased prevalence of exposure to military sexual trauma (MST; MSO = 20.7%; non-MSO = 8.3%) and double "likely PTSD" among MSO veterans, they were less likely to have a service-connected PTSD disability than their matched non-MSO (MSO = 78.1%; non-MSO = 87.6%) comparators. Conclusions VHA-using veterans with MSO were twice as likely to have "likely PTSD" and exposure to MST than veterans with non-MSO. Veterans with MSO were less likely to be service connected for PTSD than non-MSO counterparts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective The prevalence of anxiety and depressive (i.e., internalizing) disorders is higher among bi+ individuals (i.e., individuals with attractions to more than one gender and/or who identify as bisexual or pansexual) compared to both heterosexual and lesbian/gay individuals. Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that stressors unique to bi+ individuals are associated with internalizing symptoms. However, longitudinal research examining these associations and underlying mechanisms is extremely limited. Method We utilized five waves of data (6 months between waves) from a diverse sample of bi+ individuals assigned female at birth (age 16-32; 29% gender minority; 72.9% racial/ethnic minority) to examine (a) prospective associations between three bi+ stressors (enacted, internalized, anticipated bi+ stigma) and internalizing symptoms; (b) potential mediating role of rumination in these associations; and (c) potential mediating roles of internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma in associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms. Results At the within-person level, when participants experienced more bi+ stressors than usual during a particular wave, they experienced subsequent increases in internalizing symptoms. Increases in rumination mediated these associations. Associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms were mediated by increases in internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma. Conclusions Findings indicate that bi+ stressors prospectively predict increases in internalizing symptoms and rumination may play a mechanistic role. Further, findings suggest that internalized and anticipated bi+ stigma may play mechanistic roles in the associations between enacted bi+ stigma and internalizing symptoms. Interventions targeting rumination, internalized stigma, and anticipated bi+ stigma may help to reduce internalizing symptoms among bi+ individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Adjunctive psychological interventions improve outcomes in bipolar disorder (BD), but people in latter stages likely have different clinical needs. The objective here was to test the hypothesis that for people with ≥10 episodes of BD, a brief online mindfulness-based intervention (ORBIT 2.0) improves quality of life (QoL) relative to a Psychoeducation control. Method A rater-masked, pragmatic superiority randomized clinical trial compared ORBIT 2.0 with active control. Both interventions were 5-week coach-supported programs with treatment as usual continued. Inclusion criteria included age 18-65 years, confirmed diagnosis of BD, and history of ≥10 episodes. Measures were collected at baseline, postintervention, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. The main outcome was QoL, measured on the Brief Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (Brief QoL.BD) at 5 weeks, using intention-to-treat analyses. Results Among N = 302 randomized participants, the primary hypothesis was not supported (Treatment × Time β = -0.69, 95% CI [-2.69, 1.31], p = .50). The main effect of Time was not significant in either condition, indicating no improvement in either group. Recruitment was feasible, the platform was safe, both interventions were highly acceptable, but usage was suboptimal. Post hoc analyses found both interventions effective for participants not in remission from depression at baseline. Conclusions In people with late-stage BD, an online mindfulness-based intervention was not superior to psychoeducational control in improving QoL. Online delivery was found to be safe and acceptable. Sodiumoxamate Future interventions may need to be higher intensity, address engagement challenges, and target more symptomatic individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-oxamate.html