Notes

Benchmarking recombinant Pichia pastoris pertaining to 3-hydroxypropionic acid production from glycerol.
The proportion of forest and farmland areas significantly affected all kinds of win-win trend.To clarify the effects of exogenous calcium on salt tolerance of nodule symbiotic pea, a pot experiment was conducted under salt stress (170 mmol·L-1) to examine the effects of exogenous CaCl2(0, 5 and 15 mmol·L-1) on physiological parameters of two pea cultivars, 'Dingwan 8' (salt tolerant) and 'Longwan 6' (salt sensitive), inoculated with rhizobium strains 15657, 15735 and Ca66. The results showed that plant biomass, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the contents of proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) were enhanced, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased, with rhizobium inoculation, CaCl2 application or CaCl2 application after rhizobium inoculation. Plant biomass and activities of SOD and POD and Pro content were increased significantly by the application of 15 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 after rhizobium inoculation. The application of CaCl2 after inoculation of rhizobium strain 15735 suitable for pea had limited effects on physiological parameters of pea plants, whereas the application of CaCl2 after inoculation of rhizobium (15657, Ca66) unsuitable for pea had obvious effects. The comprehensive analysis of membership function showed that pea treated with CaCl2 after rhizobium inoculation exhibited stronger salt tolerance, and 'Dingwan 8' plants treated with 15 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 after inoculation of rhizobium strain 15735 showed the strongest ability of salt tolerance with the highest membership function value of 0.814. In summary, compared with CaCl2 application or rhizobium inoculation alone, CaCl2 application after rhizobium inoculation could effectively enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic regulation ability, reduce the damage of membrane lipid peroxidation, and consequently improve the salt tolerance of pea.We investigated the signal relationship between phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) and the gas signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in Arabidopsis thaliana response to the allelopathy of diterpenoid oridonin. The wild type Arabidopsis Columbia (WT), phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) deletion mutant pldα1, D-/L-cysteine desulfyrase synthetic deletion mutant d-cdes and l-cdes seedlings were used as experiment materials, while 60 μmol·L-1 oridonin was applied as treatment concentration. The results showed that oridonin significantly increased H2S content, PLD and D-/L-CDes activities, and gene expressions of PLDα1 and D-/L-CDes in WT. Under oridonin treatment, the D-CDes and L-CDes activities of pldɑ1 seedlings were significantly lower than those of WT. Both D-CDes and L-CDes activities increased after exogenous addition of phosphatidic acid (PA) and were higher than those of WT. Oridonin significantly inhibited root growth of four lines, with d-cdes and l-cdes being more sensitive to oridonin. see more Application of NaHS promoted root growth and endogenous H2S production of four lines under oridonin treatment, while application of PA increased root growth and endogenous H2S production in WT, pldɑ1 and l-cdes, but had no effect in d-cdes. These results indicated that PLDα1 and H2S played a vital role in driving the response of Arabidopsis to oridonin, and that PLDα1/PA was located at the upstream of D-CDes to participate the regulation of the H2S production and root growth.With three grape varieties, Red Barbara, Summer Black and Hutai No. 8 as test mate-rials, we investigated the effects of foliar spraying of organic selenium fertilizer on greenhouse grape quality and selenium content. The results showed that spraying 12 mg·L-1 amino acid chelated selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer on grape leaves significantly increased selenium content and the quantity and quality of grape yield, including the contents of soluble sugar, organic acid, soluble protein, soluble solids, vitamin C and proanthocyanidins. However, there was no increase in resveratrol. Among the three varieties, selenium content of Summer Black in 2017 and 2018 was increased by 36.7% and 37.1%, respectively, being higher than that of Red Barbara and Hutai No. 8. Red Barbara sprayed with selenium fertilizer had better quality due to high sugar and low acid contents, as well as high health-care components. Moreover, the selenium content of Hutai No. 8 in 2018 was 53.26 μg·kg-1, higher than the others, indicating a stronger ability of selenium enrichment. We concluded that the increase range of Se content was larger in Summer Black, Red Barbara showed the better nutrition value and quality, and Hutai No. 8 was a suitable variety for selenium-rich grape production.To provide a theoretical reference to nitrogen fertilizer management for maize and eco-enviromental protection in the irrigated area of Ningxia, we established the critical nitrogen concentration (Nc) dilution curve of maize under drip-irrigated condition. The nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) was deduced from the established Nc curve model, to diagnose feasibility of nitrogen nutrition. Six levels of nitrogen application rates including 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 and 450 kg·hm-2 were conducted in field with maize variety 'Tianci 19'. During two-year field study, the Nc dilution curve and NNI model of maize were established based on leaf dry matter (LDM). The results showed that 1) There was a negative power function relationship between LDM and Nc, which presented as two parts, if LDM less then 1.15 t·hm-2, Nc=3.2%, while if LDM≥1.15 t·hm-2, Nc=3.29LDM-0.29. 2) The root mean square error (RMSE) and standardized root mean square error (n-RMSE) of the model were 0.203 and 8.0%, respectively, with fine stability among years. 3) The NNI ranged from 0.47 to 1.44 with different nitrogen application rates. In addition, NNI was positively correlated with yield and negatively correlated with agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages of maize. Therefore, NNI could be used to explain maize yield changes with and without nitrogen limit under drip-irrigated system. In conclusion, the critical nitrogen dilution curve established from leaf dry matter could be applied to accurately estimate nitrogen nutrition status throughout the whole growing stages from the jointing stage to silking stage of maize under drip irrigated system.
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