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Tissues factor cytoplasmic area exasperates post-infarct remaining ventricular redesigning through orchestrating heart inflammation along with angiogenesis.
Introduction Obesity is a chronic disease responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate, with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Obesity is associated with immune responses characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. This article focuses on the mechanisms that explain the proposed link between obesity-associated diseases and inflammation. Also, it describes the role of inflammatory molecules in obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Methods More than 200 articles were selected and consulted by an online English search using various electronic search databases. Predefined key-words for the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and associated diseases, as well as the role of various inflammatory molecules, were used. Results We have summarized the data of the articles consulted in this research and we have found that obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammation resulting from the change of adipose tissue (AT). The AT produces a variety of inflammatory molecules called adipocytokines that are involved in the onset of systemic low-grade inflammation which is the link between obesity and associated-chronic abnormalities; such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Also, we have searched all the inflammatory molecules involved in this pathogenesis and we have briefly described the role of 16 of them which are the most related to obesity-associated inflammation. The results have shown that there are inflammatory molecules that have a positive relationship with the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases and others have a negative relationship with this pathogenesis. Conclusion Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of various metabolic-abnormalities related to obesity. In this regard, the management of obesity may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic complications by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.The efficacy and tolerability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression is well-known and documented by existing studies. However, whether rTMS may be effective on suicidal behavior is unclear and needs to be further investigated. This systematic review is aimed to investigate the available literature about the effects of rTMS on suicidal behavior and provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. A systematic search regarding the association between rTMS and suicidal behavior was carried out. All relevant articles concerning this association were comprehensively searched on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and PsycInfo databases. After a careful search, 16 articles (7 sham-controlled studies, 5 uncontrolled studies, 4 case-series) meet inclusion criteria and were selected in this systematic review. Overall, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was identified as the most frequent stimulation target by most studies. Unfortunately, actually it is not clear whether suicidal behavior reduction may be mediated, at least in some cases, by depression attenuation. While some methodological heterogeneity was found in terms of stimulation parameters (e.g., frequency, number of sessions, intensity of stimulation), most of the analyzed articles showed that rTMS is a safe, applicable, well tolerated and reproducible method in treating suicidal behavior. The main findings suggest that TMS is globally safe, well-tolerated and effective in treating suicidal behavior. The most effective treatment seems to be bilateral TMS as well as the combination with antidepressants. Further longitudinal studies are required in order to replicate the mentioned study results.Background Cardiac rehabilitation is a medically supervised program after coronary events that involves exercise and dietary modification. We evaluated the comparative benefits and harms of cardiac rehabilitation strategies via a network meta-analysis. Methods We followed a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO CRD42018094998). We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Trials databases for randomized controlled trials that evaluated cardiac rehabilitation vs a second form of rehabilitation or standard/usual care in adults after myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, or angiography. Risk of bias and evidence quality was evaluated using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively. Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed for 11 clinical outcomes. Results We included 134 randomized controlled trials involving 62,322 participants. Compared with standard care, exercise-only cardiac rehabilitation reduced the odds of cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% credibility interval [CrI], 0.51-0.96; moderate-quality evidence), major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 0.57; 95% CrI, 0.40-0.78; low-quality evidence), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR, 0.71; 95% CrI, 0.54-0.93; moderate-quality evidence), all-cause hospitalization (OR, 0.74; 95% CrI, 0.54-0.98; moderate-quality evidence), and cardiovascular hospitalization (OR, 0.69; 95% CrI, 0.51-0.88; moderate-quality evidence). Torin 2 Exercise-only cardiac rehabilitation was associated with lower cardiovascular hospitalization risk relative to cardiac rehabilitation without exercise (OR, 0.68; 95% CrI, 0.48-0.97; moderate-quality evidence). Conclusions Cardiac rehabilitation programs containing exercise might provide broader cardiovascular benefits compared with those without exercise.Esketamine was recently licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Drug Agency (EDA) for use in treatment resistant depression (TRD), and promising research indicates ketamine as a possible treatment in other mental health conditions. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, it has been hypothesised that acute psychoactive effects during ketamine administration may be associated with psychiatric treatment efficacy. We systematically reviewed the evidence for this association. The databases Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were searched up to June 2019. Studies were included if they enrolled adults with a psychiatric diagnosis, assessed acute psychoactive effects using a quantitative measure, and reported on the relationship between acute effects and treatment outcome. We included 21 studies, involving 891 patients. Seventeen studies assessed patients with depression (TRD [k = 14]), three assessed substance use disorders, and one assessed social anxiety disorder. Overall, 41 associations were assessed, of which 26 % were significant.
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