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Regional cerebral carbs and glucose metabolism distinguishes danger- and non-danger-based trauma in post-traumatic tension condition.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the DWI features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) at baseline, under treatment, and at relapse, and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the ADC for determining disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Sixty-two patients with AIP (48 at initial attack and 14 at relapse) underwent MRI with DWI (b = 0 and 800 s/mm2) at 3 T before receiving corticosteroid therapy (CST) and during follow-up. Seventeen patients had disease relapse during follow-up, whereas the others remained clinically stable. Forty age- and sex-matched patients without pancreatic disease served as the control group. RESULTS. The ADC value of AIP at baseline was significantly lower than that for a disease-free pancreas (0.99 ± 0.12 vs 1.26 ± 0.10 × 10-3 mm2/s, p less then .001). Under CST, the ADC value increased gradually at the short-term and long-term follow-up (1.16 ± 0.12 and 1.23 ± 0.12 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively, both p less then .001). At relapse, the ADC had a relative decrease (1.11 ± 0.20 × 10-3 mm2/s) but was significantly higher compared with the initial attack (p = .003). The AUC of ADC serum IgG4 level at ROC analysis for baseline versus clinically stable AIP was 0.867 and 0.700, the AUC for clinically active AIP versus clinically stable AIP was 0.762 and 0.686, and the AUC for relapsed AIP versus clinically stable AIP was 0.648 and 0.669. CONCLUSION. DWI reflected the dynamic change of AIP under CST, and the ADC value for DWI outperformed the serum IgG4 value for determining disease activity. However, relapsed disease showed less diffusion restriction, and the ADC value was less accurate for predicting relapse.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to assess the value of combining quantitative dual-energy CT (DECT) parameters with qualitative morphologic parameters for the preoperative prediction of cervical nodal metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Itacnosertib Thirty-five patients with pathologically proven PTC underwent single-phase contrast-enhanced DECT before thyroidectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy. Analyses of quantitative DECT parameters and qualitative morphologic features of metastatic and benign lymph nodes (LNs) were independently performed. The diagnostic performances of using only quantitative parameters, only morphologic features, and their combination for predicting cervical nodal metastasis were statistically calculated with ROC curves and logistic regression models. RESULTS. A total of 206 LNs, 80 metastatic and 126 benign, were included. The best single performer in DECT was the normalized iodine concentration in the venous phase, which had low sensitivity (62.5%) but high specificity (85.7%), for diagnosing metastatic cervical LNs. On the other hand, the best single performer in qualitative morphologic parameters was using the criterion of shortest diameter of greater than 5 mm, which had low specificity (69.8%) but high sensitivity (86.3%). Combining these two parameters improved the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity to 0.846, 86.3%, and 72.2%, respectively. The combination of multiple quantitative DECT parameters and all morphologic data further improved AUC, sensitivity, and specificity to 0.878, 87.5%, and 73.8%, respectively, which was significant compared with the use of any single parameter. CONCLUSION. The combination of quantitative DECT parameters with morphologic data improves performance in the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic cervical LNs in patients with PTC.Neurodegeneration of the cerebellum progresses over years and primarily affects cerebellar cortex. It leads to a progressive loss of control and coordination of gait, posture, speech, fine motor, and oculomotor function. Yet, little is known how the cerebro-cerebellar network compensates for the loss in cerebellar cortical neurons. To address this knowledge gap, we examined 30 people with cerebellar cortical degeneration and a group of 30 healthy controls. We assessed visuomotor performance during a forearm-pointing task to 10°, 25°, and 50° targets. In addition, using MRI imaging, we determined neurodegenerative-induced changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in the cerebro-cerebellar network and correlated them to markers of motor performance. The main results are as follows first, the relative joint position error (RJPE) during pointing was significantly greater in the ataxia group for all targets confirming the expected motor control deficit. Second, in the ataxia group, GMV was significantly reduced in cerebmotor cortex.Introduction Periodontitis is a widespread illness that arises due to disrupted interplay between the oral microbiota and the host immune response. In some cases, conventional therapies can provide temporary remission, although this is often followed by disease relapse. Recent studies of periodontitis pathology have promoted the development of new therapeutics to improve treatment options, together with local application using advanced drug delivery systems.Areas covered This paper provides a critical review of the status of current treatment approaches to periodontitis, with a focus on promising immunomodulation and probiotic therapies. These are based on delivery of small molecules, peptides, proteins, DNA or RNA, and probiotics. The key findings on novel treatment strategies and formulation of advanced delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and nanofibers, are highlighted.Expert opinion Multitarget therapy based on antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and probiotic active ingredients incorporated into advanced delivery systems for application to the periodontal pocket can improve periodontitis treatment outcomes. Translation of such adjuvant therapy from laboratory to patient is expected in the future.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and a still incurable disease, comprising emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In addition to airflow limitation, patients with COPD can suffer from pulmonary hypertension (PH). Doxycycline, an antibiotic from the tetracycline family, in addition to its pronounced antimicrobial activity, acts as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor and has anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, doxycycline treatment exhibited a beneficial effect in several preclinical cardiovascular disease models. In preclinical research, doxycycline is frequently employed for gene expression modulation in Tet-On/Tet-Off transgenic animal models. Therefore, it is crucial to know whether doxycycline treatment in Tet-On/Tet-Off systems has effects independent of gene expression modulation by such systems. Against this background, we assessed the possible curative effects of long-term doxycycline administration in a mouse model of chronic CS exposure. Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 mo and then subsequently treated with doxycycline for additional 3 mo in room air conditions.
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