Notes

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Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth-most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.034 million new cases in 2015, and the third-highest cause of cancer deaths, estimated at 785,558 in 2014. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly affect the survival rate in patients with GC the 5-year survival rate of early GC reaches 90%-95%, while the mortality rate significantly increases greatly if GC develops to the late stage. Recently, the study for role of RhoA in the diseases become a hot topic, especially in the development of tumor. Study found RhoA can regulate actin polymerization, cell adhesion, motor-myosin, cell transformation, and the ability to participate in the activities of cell movement, proliferation, migration, which are closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the specific role of RhoA in tumor cells remains to be studied. Therefore, our current study aimed to briefly review the role of RhoA in GC, especially for its associated signaling pathways involved in the GC progression. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] acute strangulation of internal hemorrhoids and the thrombosis of external hemorrhoids are both debilitating and painful conditions which require immediate treatment in order to minimize morbidity and reduce the length of inactivity. In selected cases, urgent surgical treatment, performed within 72 hours of presentation, prevents the negative economic and psychological effects of a prolonged recovery (which is often the case of conservative management), and limits the necessity for surgical intervention at a later date. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] The aim of review was to comprehensively characterize the antimicrobial efficacy of bacteriophages in eliminating pathogens occurring in companion animals, as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling infections that pose potential threats to the health and life of people and to the environment. METHODS The review contains detailed information on the characteristics and classification of bacteriophages and an analysis of their life cycle. The dominant element is a detailed analysis of the experimental use of bacteriophages in combating infections caused by various microorganisms in companion animals with regard to their potential use in therapy. RESULTS It seems that in the near future phage therapies will provide an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of diseases caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria in people and animals. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of phages therapies depends on many factors and the properties of the bacteriophages themselves, which requires comprehensive knowledge of them. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease which leads to destruction of pancreatic β-cells, thereby causing insufficient insulin production. Globally, around 98, 200 children and adolescents below 15 years of age and almost 128,900 subjects below 20 years of age develop T1DM annually, along with severe complications deteriorating their quality of life. In India alone, around 15,900 incident cases below 15 years have reported annually. Hence, its prevention and reversal are significant. Unlike other chronic diseases, T1DM involves the presence of various autoantigens which can be targeted by proper immunisation. The development of reliable immuno-regulatory surrogate markers would be of a great benefit. Vaccines can be one of such strategies in the journey to prevent T1DM. It would not only benefit greatly to reduce the sufferings caused due to diabetic complications but could also help to reverse T1DM, by modulating the immunological autoantigenic reactions and prevent further degradation of pancreatic β-cells. This review collates a wide range of information related to the vaccine studies conducted in animal and human models to prevent and reverse T1DM. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. High blood pressure (BP) correlates closely with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Although the gold standard still remains office BP (auscultatory or automated), other methods (central or out-of-office) are gaining popularity as better predictors of CV events. (L)-Dehydroascorbic nmr In this review, we investigated the prognostic value of each method of BP measurement and explored their advantages and pitfalls. Unattended automated office BP is a novel technique of BP measurement with promising data. Ambulatory BP monitoring, and to a lesser extent, home BP measurements, seem to better predict cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes, while at the same time, they can help distinguish hypertensive phenotypes. Data on the association of central BP levels with cardiovascular and mortality outcomes is conflicting. Future large cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate head-to-head the corresponding levels and results of each method of BP measurement, as well as to highlight disparities in their prognostic utility. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] defence peptides (HDPs) are powerful modulators of cellular responses to various types of insults caused by pathogen agents. To date a wide range of HDPs, from species of different kingdoms including bacteria, plant and animal with extreme diversity in structure and biological activity, have been described. Apart from a limited number of peptides ribosomally synthesized, a large number of promising and multifunctional HDPs have been identified within protein precursors, with properties not necessarily related to innate immunity, consolidating the fascinating hypothesis that proteins have a second or even multiple biological mission in the form of one or more bio-active peptides. Among these precursors, enzymes constitute certainly an interesting group, both because most of them are mainly globular and characterized by a fine specific internal structure closely related their catalytic properties and also because they are yet little considered as potential HDP releasing proteins. On this regard, the main aim of the present review is to describe a panel of HDPs, identified in all canonical class of enzymes, and to provide a detailed description on hydrolases and their corresponding HDPs, as it seems to exist a striking link between these structurally sophisticated catalysts and their high content in cationic and amphipatic cryptic peptides.
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