Notes

Prosocial actions during the COVID-19 outbreak throughout Philippines. The function involving obligation along with vulnerability.
Compared with the classic primer set, the newly designed primer set N had a higher detection rate and improved specificity for GII NoVs in oyster samples. These results show that the novel PCR primer pair is specific and applicable for the detection of GII NoVs in oysters.In a concentrated area of chemical industry parks (CIPs), emergency relief efficiency is not only affected by the rescue capability of themselves, but also their coordination relationships with other CIPs. Previous studies focus on the location of resource warehouse and the scheduling of logistics transportation, in the relief process after unexpected events, but rarely integrate them ideally in practice. This paper utilizes the super network theory to propose a regional emergency scheduling model to improve collaboration efficiency among primary relief centers (PRC), local relief centers (LRC), and CIPs. So, the proposed super network model fills the research gap of only considering emergency logistic supply chain and provides decision scheme regarding the emergency material dispatch plan. We developed a modified projection algorithm to solve the scheduling problem by turning it to a variational inequality and compare the performance under several disaster scenarios. The practicability of the model is proved by the result of the numerical example given.In 2020, China's R&D investment reached 2442.6 billion RMB, and it ranks second in the world, but the performance of green innovation has not proportionately improved. The question of how to promote the improvement of green innovation performance is particularly important in order to mitigate future environmental problems and issues due to rapid development of China's economy. While past research has examined the relationship between R&D investment and green innovation, they have not explicitly considered the effect of regional technological innovation level on this relationship. Hence, we fill this gap by exploring the relationship between R&D investment and green innovation performance using data from various regions in China from 2015 to 2019, under the effect of a threshold variable, namely, technological innovation. We explore the impact of economic development level, environmental regulation level, foreign direct investment, and science and technology in fiscal expenditures on green innovation performance. The empirical results show that when the regional technological innovation level is used as the threshold variable, the R&D investment has a significant double-threshold effect with the lagging three-phase green innovation performance. When the technological innovation level is low (0.5837), the impact of regional R&D investment on green innovation performance is sub-optimal. Consequently, the range of [0.1082 to 0.5837] is the best range for the positive impact of R&D investment on green innovation performance. Furthermore, among China's 30 provinces and cities, 24% (mostly areas located in the southwest and northeast of China) have the technological innovation level in the optimal range. Our results help explain the current status of China's R&D investment and green innovation development, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of government innovation investment policies.The policy of the national smart city (NSC) pilots, a new type of urbanization for future development, has been implemented in China in batches. This paper investigates the mechanism and effects of the NSC pilots on the environment. Using the prefecture-level panel data during 2004-2018 period, our multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) estimation shows that the NSC pilots causally mitigate SO2 (wastewater) pollution by 13.76% (14.36%), which is supported by a series of robustness tests. The mediating effect model indicates that green total factor productivity (GTFP) plays a partial mediating role in mitigating both SO2 and wastewater emissions, while technological innovation plays a partial mediating role in mitigating wastewater emissions. After introducing the two mediating channels into the multi-period DID model, the reduction effect for SO2 and wastewater emissions drops to 11.04% (1-e- 0.117) and 12.1% (1-e- 0.129), respectively. Comparatively, the NSC pilots contribute to the improvement of GTFP and GTFP takes the major mediating role in reducing SO2 and wastewater pollution. The heterogeneous effects of the NSC pilots show that the mitigation effect is more pronounced in cities with strong fiscal support, cities with abundant human capital, and cities with high R&D expenditure. Based on these novel findings, this study provides some policy implications for achieving better mitigation effects.This work presents a new approach and a comprehensive mechanism to study the kinetics of the photodegradation of the organic pollutants. The vital role of various operational factors on the degradation of the organic pollutants is explained using this method. The proposed approach is based on the simple strategies and a powerful computational method. Two new variables "the effective concentration of photon" (Ieff) and "the effective concentration of the reactive centers" (RC) are defined to better understand the effect of operational parameters on the organic pollutant photodegradation. The optimum conditions of the photocatalytic degradation can be determined with the help of this method. This approach was used to study the kinetics of photodegradation of the organic pollutants on the [Formula see text] photocatalysts. The provided mechanism has been examined with the some experimental data. The high correlations between the experimental data and the fitting results under different conditions prove this mechanism could be reliable.Modern oil reservoirs exhibit high macro-scale heterogeneity, i.e., presence of shales and clays, which complicate the implementation of conventional enhanced oil recovery (EOR) practices. Hence, there is a need to investigate new class of EOR methods which not only improve recovery of oil from reservoir but also reduce formation damage. Thus, in this study, synthetic smart brines of varying salinity were formulated to investigate carbon utilization in shaly-sandstone for oil recovery and sequestration applications. To prepare shaly-sandstone samples, shale content in sand varied between 0 and 25 wt%. The addition of shale reduced porosity and permeability of sand-packs, and porosity ~ 25 and permeability  less then  10 md were measured for a combination of 75% sand + 25% shale which were originally 38% and 692 md for 100% sand + 0% shale. The oil recovery experiments were performed at temperature ≈ 40 °C and ambient pressure. The impact of shale content was insignificant on CO2-based oil recovery resulting imart water injection in heterogeneous sandstone.The origin of metal elements in tonsillar tissues of children patients was investigated in order to establish the link between environmental pollution and tonsilitis diagnosis. The children lived either in a polluted, industrial region (Moravian-Silesian Region, North-East Czechia) or a clean, predominantly agricultural region (South Bohemian Region, South-East Czechia). Simultaneously, the distance of the address of the patients to the closest main road was assessed. The elemental content of the present particulate matter in the tonsil samples, coming from indicated tonsillectomies, was analysed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray microprobe. No significant association of the elemental composition and the region was found using both bivariate and multivariate methods; however, an association with the distance to the closest main road was found. The study presents a novel assessment of the tonsillar tissues and supports the link between environmental factors (traffic-related particulate pollution) and the onset of chronic, idiopathic diseases in children, which has been debated recently.This work proposes a capacitated fuzzy disassembly scheduling model with cycle time and environmental cost as parameters, which has broad applications in remanufacturing and many other production systems. Disassembly scheduling is not always given accurately as a time quota in a production system, particularly in the obsolete product remanufacturing process. It is important to study novel models and algorithms based on uncertainty processing time to solve uncertainty disassembly scheduling problems. In this paper, a mixed-integer mathematical programming model is proposed to minimize the cycle time and environmental cost, whilst a metaheuristic approach based on a fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is developed to find a fuzzy disassembly scheduling scheme. selleck To estimate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the proposed algorithm is tested with different size cases of product disassembly scheduling. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to compare with other multi-objective optimization algorithms. The computational results demonstrate the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms on computational efficiency and applicability to different problems. Finally, a case study is described to illustrate the proposed method. The main contribution of this current work shows the proposed algorithm to solve the problem of disassembly scheduling in an uncertain environment practically and efficiently.Pyrite and fly ash have certain advantages in adsorption and mercury oxidation. The pyrite-modified fly ash (PY + AC-FA) mercury adsorbent was prepared by mixing pyrite (PY) with acid-modified fly ash (AC-FA), which has better mercury removal effect than AC-FA. The experimental results of mercury adsorption show the following when the reaction temperature is 50 °C, the best doping proportion of modified fly ash is 20 wt%, the mass proportion of pyrite to acid-modified fly ash is 41, and the flue gas flow rate is 1.0 L/min; the adsorbent has the best performance, and the adsorption rate of mercury reaches 91.92%. It was also found that the quasi-second-order kinetic model could describe the entire process of adsorption, and its adsorption process was mainly influenced by chemisorption. XRF, BET, SEM, XRD, and TG-DSG were used to characterize these adsorbents, and the mechanism of mercury removal of pyrite-modified fly ash adsorbent is inferred Hg0 is first adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent, and then oxidized to HgS by the active component FeS2 in pyrite-modified fly ash.Sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) are conducive to increasing agricultural productivity and income while reducing resource and environmental stress. However, due to credit constraints in traditional financial markets, the adoption rate of SAPs remains low among smallholder farmers in rural China. Recently, the emergence of digital finance provides small farmers with a new way to obtain credit and alleviate their credit constraints, which may exert an impact on the adoption of SAPs. To verify this conjecture, this paper examines the impact and mechanism of digital finance use on SAPs adoption among smallholder farmers in China based on survey data collected from 903 apple growers. Empirical results showed that digital finance use significantly increases the number of SAPs adopted by smallholder farmers. Alleviating credit constraints, promoting information acquisition, and facilitating social interactions are the pathways through which digital finance use influences small farmers' SAPs adoption. Heterogeneity analysis showed that farmers with higher education level, smaller farming size, and who have received extension services adopt more SAPs with the use of digital finance.
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