Notes
![]() ![]() Notes - notes.io |
# Sigmoid function
def sigmoid(x):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))
# Numerical derivative function
def numerical_derivative(f, x):
delta_x = 1e-4
grad = np.zeros_like(x)
it = np.nditer(x, flags=['multi_index'], op_flags=['readwrite'])
while not it.finished:
idx = it.multi_index
tmp_val = x[idx]
# f(x + delta_x)
x[idx] = float(tmp_val) + delta_x
fx1 = f(x)
# f(x - delta_x)
x[idx] = tmp_val - delta_x
fx2 = f(x)
grad[idx] = (fx1 - fx2) / (2 * delta_x)
# Reset x
x[idx] = tmp_val
it.iternext()
return grad
# LogicGate class
class LogicGate:
def __init__(self, gate_name, xdata, tdata):
self.name = gate_name
self.__xdata = xdata.reshape(4, 2)
self.__tdata = tdata.reshape(4, 1)
self.__W = np.random.rand(2, 1)
self.__b = np.random.rand(1)
self.__learning_rate = 1e-2
def __loss_func(self):
delta = 1e-7
z = np.dot(self.__xdata, self.__W) + self.__b
y = sigmoid(z)
return -np.sum((self.__tdata * np.log(y + delta) + (1 - self.__tdata) * np.log(1 - y + delta)))
def error_val(self):
delta = 1e-7
z = np.dot(self.__xdata, self.__W) + self.__b
y = sigmoid(z)
return -np.sum((self.__tdata * np.log(y + delta) + (1 - self.__tdata) * np.log(1 - y + delta)))
def train(self):
f = lambda x: self.__loss_func()
for step in range(8001):
self.__W -= self.__learning_rate * numerical_derivative(f, self.__W)
self.__b -= self.__learning_rate * numerical_derivative(f, self.__b)
if step % 400 == 0:
print("step = ", step, "error value = ", self.error_val())
def predict(self, input_data):
z = np.dot(input_data, self.__W) + self.__b
y = sigmoid(z)
if y > 0.5:
result = 1
else:
result = 0
return y, result
# Define input data for logic gates
input_data = np.array([[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]])
# Create objects for NAND, OR, AND gates
NAND_obj = LogicGate("NAND_GATE", input_data, np.array([1, 1, 1, 0])) # NAND gate
OR_obj = LogicGate("OR_GATE", input_data, np.array([0, 1, 1, 1])) # OR gate
AND_obj = LogicGate("AND_GATE", input_data, np.array([0, 0, 0, 1])) # AND gate
# Train the gates
NAND_obj.train()
OR_obj.train()
AND_obj.train()
# Initialize lists to store results
final_output = []
# Loop to generate new input data and predict the output using AND gate
for index in range(len(input_data)):
# Get the outputs from the NAND and OR gates
s1, _ = NAND_obj.predict(input_data[index]) # Unpacking the result (NAND output)
s2, _ = OR_obj.predict(input_data[index]) # Unpacking the result (OR output)
# New input data for AND gate prediction (AND of NAND and OR)
new_input_data = np.array([[s1, s2]]) # Ensure this is 2D (1, 2)
# Predict the output using the AND gate
_, logical_val = AND_obj.predict(new_input_data)
# Append the final result
final_output.append(logical_val)
# Print the results in the desired format
for idx, result in enumerate(final_output):
print(f"{input_data[idx]} = {result}")
![]() |
Notes is a web-based application for online taking notes. You can take your notes and share with others people. If you like taking long notes, notes.io is designed for you. To date, over 8,000,000,000+ notes created and continuing...
With notes.io;
- * You can take a note from anywhere and any device with internet connection.
- * You can share the notes in social platforms (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, instagram etc.).
- * You can quickly share your contents without website, blog and e-mail.
- * You don't need to create any Account to share a note. As you wish you can use quick, easy and best shortened notes with sms, websites, e-mail, or messaging services (WhatsApp, iMessage, Telegram, Signal).
- * Notes.io has fabulous infrastructure design for a short link and allows you to share the note as an easy and understandable link.
Fast: Notes.io is built for speed and performance. You can take a notes quickly and browse your archive.
Easy: Notes.io doesn’t require installation. Just write and share note!
Short: Notes.io’s url just 8 character. You’ll get shorten link of your note when you want to share. (Ex: notes.io/q )
Free: Notes.io works for 14 years and has been free since the day it was started.
You immediately create your first note and start sharing with the ones you wish. If you want to contact us, you can use the following communication channels;
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: http://twitter.com/notesio
Instagram: http://instagram.com/notes.io
Facebook: http://facebook.com/notesio
Regards;
Notes.io Team