Notes

Non-redox material ions can easily promote Wacker-type oxidations better yet than water piping(2): a whole new possibility in driver layout.
Adolescent girls in West Africa are migrating in search of educational and livelihood opportunities. In Mali, early marriage (before the legal age of 16) is a common practice. This paper builds on prior research on female migration that focused on the direct influences of migration on marriage and explores the wider social impact of rising female migration in sending communities by examining direct and indirect effects and intended and unintended consequences. This study examines perceptions about migration among girls and their parents including how it influences marital timing, marriage preparations, marriage practices, and marital relations. Qualitative data were collected from 140 adolescent girls and 115 parents of adolescent girls in rural areas in focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 31) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) (n = 41) to inform how girls' migration patterns might influence program recruitment strategies and content for an intervention aimed at addressing early marriage in Mali. Our findings conties that indirectly influence marital relationships. Although this can be challenging for individual returned girls in terms of reintegration, these new expectations may, over time, lead to social changes that influence migrants and non-migrants. Program strategies and approaches must consider the possibility of migration as an important aspect of every adolescent girl's opportunity structure. The qualitative data suggests that certain skills are critical for adolescent girls. Programs should emphasize the acquisition of relevant skills such as communication, risk assessment, negotiation and money management in ways that are relevant for migrants and non-migrants.In this paper, we introduce the exponentiated power generalized Weibull power series (EPGWPS) family of distributions, obtained by compounding the exponentiated power generalized Weibull and power series distributions. By construction, the new family contains a myriad of new flexible lifetime distributions having strong physical interpretations (lifetime system, biological studies…). We discuss the characteristics and properties of the EPGWPS family, including its probability density and hazard rate functions, quantiles, moments, incomplete moments, skewness and kurtosis. The main vocation of the EPGWPS family remains to be applied in a statistical setting, and data analysis in particular. In this regard, we explore the estimation of the model parameters by the maximum likelihood method, with accuracy supported by a detailed simulation study. Then, we apply it to two practical data sets, showing the applicability and competitiveness of the EPGWPS models in comparison to some other well-reputed models.Phytophthora sojae is one of the costliest soybean pathogens in the US. Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a vital part of Phytophthora disease management. In this study, QDR was measured in 478 and 495 plant introductions (PIs) towards P. sojae isolates OH.121 and C2.S1, respectively, in genome-wide association (GWA) analyses to identify genetic markers linked to QDR loci (QDRL). Aurora Kinase inhibitor Populations were generated by sampling PIs from the US, the Republic of Korea, and the full collection of PIs maintained by the USDA. Additionally, a meta-analysis of QDRL reported from bi-parental studies was done to compare past and present findings. Twenty-four significant marker-trait associations were identified from the 478 PIs phenotyped with OH.121, and an additional 24 marker-trait associations were identified from the 495 PIs phenotyped with C2.S1. In total, 48 significant markers were distributed across 16 chromosomes and based on linkage analysis, represent a total of 44 QDRL. The majority of QDRL were identified with only one of the two isolates, and only a region on chromosome 13 was consistently identified. Regions on chromosomes 3, 13, and 17 were identified in previous GWA-analyses and were re-identified in this study. Five QDRL co-localized with P. sojae meta-QDRL identified from QDRL reported in previous biparental mapping studies. The remaining regions represent novel QDRL, in the soybean-P. sojae pathosystem and were primarily identified in germplasm from the Republic of Korea. Overall, the number of loci identified in this study highlights the complexity of QDR to P. sojae.Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, affecting one in eight women in their lifetime. Taxane-based chemotherapy is routinely used in the treatment of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a predictive biomarker to improve the benefit/risk ratio for that cytotoxic chemotherapy. We explicitly strived for a biomarker that enables secure translation into clinical practice. We used genome-wide gene expression data of the Hatzis et al. discovery cohort of 310 patients for biomarker development and three independent cohorts with a total of 567 breast cancer patients for validation. We were able to develop a biomarker signature that consists of just the three gene products ELF5, SCUBE2 and NFIB, measured on RNA level. Compared to Hatzis et al., we achieved a significant improvement in predicting responders and non-responders in the Hatzis et al. validation cohort with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.73 [95% CI, 69%-77%]. Moreover, we could confirm the performance of our biomarker on two further independent validation cohorts. The overall performance on all three validation cohorts expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.75 [95% CI, 70%-80%]. At the clinically relevant classifier's operation point to optimize the exclusion of non-responders, the biomarker correctly predicts three out of four patients not responding to neoadjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy, independent of the breast cancer subtype. At the same time, the response rate in the group of predicted responders increased to 42% compared to 23% response rate in all patients of the validation cohorts.BACKGROUND The development of trustworthy guidelines requires substantial investment of resources and time. This highlights the need to prioritize topics for guideline development and update. OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and describe prioritization exercises that have been conducted for the purpose of the de novo development, update or adaptation of health practice guidelines. METHODS We searched Medline and CINAHL electronic databases from inception to July 2019, supplemented by hand-searching Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant studies. We included studies describing prioritization exercises that have been conducted during the de novo development, update or adaptation of guidelines addressing clinical, public health or health systems topics. Two reviewers worked independently and in duplicate to complete study selection and data extraction. We consolidated findings in a semi-quantitative and narrative way. RESULTS Out of 33,339 identified citations, twelve studies met the eligibility criteria.
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