Notes

Kynurenine derivative 3-HAA is an agonist ligand with regard to transcribing issue YY1.
© 2020 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.Numerous treatment modalities have been tried with diverse results for pruritus due to notalgia paresthetica (NP). Corticosteroids suppress ectopic neural discharges from injured nerve fibers and also have short-lived suppressive effect on transmission in normal C-fibers. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of NP. The medical reports of five patients who had been diagnosed with NP and treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections were retrospectively evaluated. Triamcinolone acetonide solution was injected intradermally (10 mg/mL; 0.1 mL/cm2 ) every 3 weeks for a maximum of four treatments. The severity of itch was scored by the patients on a combined numerical and visual analogue scale. After treatment, reduction in itch severity scores varied between 33% and 100%. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.In this issue of Academic Emergency Medicine, Southerland et al. describe a business model for staffing and equipment in a level 1 accredited, academic Geriatric Emergency Department (GED). The authors described program costs, including staff salaries for a geriatric nurse practitioner, pharmacist, and physical and occupational therapists. Equipment costs were mobility aids, delirium aids, sensory aids, and personal care items. Reimbursement was the potential increase in billing from the addition of new staff. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Relatively little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of solar lentigo (SL), rendering the choice of laser treatment a clinical challenge. This study compared the clinicohistopathological characteristics of patients with SL on the face with and without conspicuous inflammation. The medical records were evaluated to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics. Based on the degree of histopathologically observed inflammation, the patients were divided into two groups, those with inflammatory and noninflammatory SL. The demographic characteristics of patients in the inflammatory (n = 62, 62.6%) and noninflammatory groups (n = 37, 37.4%) did not differ significantly. Lesion duration was shorter, and the proportion of patients whose lesions changed within 6 months was higher in the inflammatory than in the noninflammatory group. The mean longest lesion diameter was greater in the inflammatory than in the noninflammatory group. Histopathologically, epidermis was thicker in the inflammatory than in the noninflammatory group. The grade of basal hyperpigmentation was higher in the noninflammatory group, whereas telangiectasia was more frequent in the inflammatory group. The treatment response rate was lower in the inflammatory (7/21, 33.3%) than in the noninflammatory group (8/10, 80.0%). Optimal laser treatment strategies may differ in these two groups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Post-synthetic modification (PSM) enables desired functional groups to be introduced while maintaining the structures of metal-organic framework (MOF). We report the dual PSM of a MOF involving the microscopic transformations of C-H bonds into C-C bonds and the mesoscopic introduction of hierarchical porosity. MOF crystals underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation during the electrophilic aromatic substitution of Co 2 ( m -DOBDC) ( m -DOBDC 4- = 4,6-dioxo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) with alkyl halides and formaldehyde, allowing for in-depth structure-property analysis. The steric hindrance caused by the proximity of the introduced functional groups to the coordination bonds reduced bond stability and facilitated the transformation into hierarchically porous meso-structures by etching with in situ generated protons (hydroniums) and halides. The numerous defect sites in the meso-structural MOFs are potential water sorption sites. However, the introduced functional groups are close to the main adsorption sites, namely the coordinatively unsaturated metal sites; hence, even methyl groups are able to considerably decrease water adsorption, whereas hydroxyl groups increase adsorption at low vapor pressures. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Conventional seamless phase 2/3 design with fixed sample size determination (SSD) has gained its popularity in oncology drug development due to attractive features such as significantly shortening the development timeline, minimizing sample size, as well as early decision making. However, this design is not immune to inaccurate treatment effect assumption when only limited efficacy data are available at study design stage. We propose an innovative seamless phase 2/3 study design with flexible SSD for oncology trials, in which the trial is designed under a distribution of treatment effect instead of one single assumption due to huge uncertainty of treatment effect at design stage and the sample size for end of phase 3 analysis is not predetermined at design stage, but rather dynamically determined based on observed treatment effect at phase 2 portion. Some practical sample size determination rules for end of phase 3 analysis will be discussed. The proposed design can lead to reduced sample size or/and improved power compared with conventional seamless phase 2/3 design with fixed SSD. This innovative study design can be especially useful for programs with aggressive development strategy to expedite the process in delivering efficacious treatment to patients. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a decisive role in the development and progression of cancer. To investigate CSCs in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated carcinoma (EBVaGC), we screened previously reported stem cell markers of gastric cancer in EBV-infected gastric cancer cell lines (TMK1, NUGC3) and identified CD44v6v9 double positive cells as candidate CSCs. CD44v6/v9+/+ cells were sorted from EBVaGC cell line (SNU719) cells and EBV-infected TMK1 cells and these cell populations showed high spheroid forming ability and tumor formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice compared with the respective CD44v6/v9-/- cells. Sphere forming ability was dependent on the NF-kB signaling pathway, which was confirmed by decrease of sphere formation ability under BAY 11-7082. TVB-3664 solubility dmso Small interfering RNA-knockdown of latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), one of the latent gene products of EBV infection, decreased spheroid formation in SNU719 cells. Transfection of the LMP2A gene increased the sphere-forming ability of TMK1 cells, which was mediated through NF-kB signaling.
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