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Dexamethasone versus placebo pertaining to prevention of nausea or vomiting, sickness along with soreness right after open up total abdominal hysterectomy.
Study 1 supported the hypothesis using strategies drawn from the social support literature (advice vs. emotional support). Study 2 used strategies drawn from the literature on the self-regulation of emotion (situation modification vs. reappraisal) to demonstrate that as predicted, different strategies are believed to be differentially helpful depending on the target's emotion and when adjusting for individual differences in social and affective functioning, targets judge social emotion regulation strategies to be differentially helpful when implemented by providers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Emotion regulation strategies, such as reappraisal and suppression, have been shown to dissimilarly affect life satisfaction. Specifically, reappraisal is linked to higher life satisfaction, while suppression is associated with lower life satisfaction. Less is known, however, about the potential moderators of these established relations. Given that reappraisal and suppression are contingent, in part, on executive function (EF), which comprises a group of adaptive, goal-orientated control processes (i.e., inhibitory control, working memory, and shifting), we explored whether different components of EF could moderate the impact of reappraisal and suppression on life satisfaction. Using latent moderated structural equation analyses, we found that the positive contribution of reappraisal to life satisfaction was more pronounced at higher than lower levels of inhibitory control and working memory. Shifting did not moderate the associations of reappraisal and suppression with life satisfaction. Further analyses, however, indicated that the interactive effects of reappraisal with inhibitory control and working memory on life satisfaction were driven primarily by the shared variance among EF constructs (i.e., common EF). Our findings underscore the pivotal role of common EF in moderating the relation of reappraisal with life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Disgust motivates avoidance of stimuli associated with pathogens. Although disgust primarily inhibits oral and epidermal contact, it may also inhibit perceptual contact, particularly given the outsize role of sensory qualities in eliciting disgust. To examine perceptual avoidance of disgust, we presented images of bodily products or spoiled food paired with neutral images for 12-s trials and recorded eye movements (Experiment 1; N = 127). We found that, overall, these disgusting images were not visually avoided compared to neutral images. However, viewing of disgusting images decreased with prolonged (within-trial) and repeated (between-trial) exposure, and these trends were predicted by self-reported disgust to the images. In Experiment 2 (N = 84), we replicated Experiment 1 with a novel set of disgusting images, as well as other unpleasant image categories (suicide, threat) and pleasant images. We found that disgusting stimuli were viewed less than the other unpleasant image categories, and we again found that viewing of disgusting images decreased with prolonged and repeated exposure. find more Further, we replicated the finding that disgust ratings predicted decreasing viewing of disgusting images, but only for prolonged exposure (within-trial). Unexpectedly, we found that disgust ratings predicted a similar pattern of decreasing viewing for the suicide and threat images as well. These findings suggest that disgust inhibits perceptual contact, but in competition with motivational processes that steer attention toward pathogen threats. We discuss the implications for measuring disgust with eye tracking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Affect fluctuates in a moment-to-moment fashion, reflecting the continuous relationship between the individual and the environment. Despite substantial research, there remain important open questions regarding how a stream of sensory input is dynamically represented in experienced affect. Here, approaching affect as a temporally dependent process, we show that momentary affect is shaped by a combination of the affective impact of stimuli (i.e., visual images for the current studies) and previously experienced affect. We also found that this temporal dependency is influenced by uncertainty of the affective context. Participants in each trial viewed sequentially presented images and subsequently reported their affective experience, which was modeled based on images' normative affect ratings and participants' previously reported affect. Study 1 showed that self-reported valence and arousal in a given trial is partly shaped by the affective impact of the given images and previously experienced affect. In Study 2, we manipulated context uncertainty by controlling occurrence probabilities for normatively pleasant and unpleasant images in separate blocks. Increasing context uncertainty (i.e., random occurrence of pleasant and unpleasant images) was associated with increased negative affect. In addition, the relative contribution of the most recent image to experienced pleasantness increased with increasing context uncertainty. Taken together, these findings provide clear behavioral evidence that momentary affect is a temporally dependent and continuous process, which reflects the affective impact of recent input variables and the previous internal state, and that this process is sensitive to the affective context and its uncertainty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Depression is characterized by a pattern of maladaptive emotion regulation. Recently, researchers have begun to focus on associations between depression and two positive affect regulation strategies savoring and dampening. Savoring, or upregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with depression, whereas dampening, or downregulation of positive affect, is positively associated with depression, anhedonia, and negative affect. To date, no research has examined whether savoring or dampening can affect neurophysiological reactivity to reward, which previous research has shown is associated with symptoms of depression. Here, we examined associations between psychophysiological reward processing-primarily captured by the Reward Positivity (RewP), an event-related potential (ERP) deflection elicited by feedback indicating reward (vs. nonreward)-positive affect regulation strategies, and symptoms of depression. One hundred undergraduates completed questionnaires assessing affect, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms and completed a computerized guessing task, once before and again after being randomly assigned to emotion-regulation strategy conditions.
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