Notes

Microbe adhesion upon amorphous along with crystalline steel oxide coatings.
Both eyes in the AAC group presented a shorter AL and shallower anterior chamber than the eyes in the non-AAC group.

An asymmetrical anterior chamber between bilateral eyes is an important feature in lens subluxation-induced AAC. The crowded anterior chamber and shorter AL might be the anatomic basis for the eye with lens subluxation-induced AAC.
An asymmetrical anterior chamber between bilateral eyes is an important feature in lens subluxation-induced AAC. The crowded anterior chamber and shorter AL might be the anatomic basis for the eye with lens subluxation-induced AAC.
To evaluate the safety and outcomes of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PPCCC) combined with phacoemulsification in postvitrectomy eyes.

Retrospective case series.

Twenty-one postvitrectomy eyes of 21 patients with cataract between April 2017 and December 2019 were enrolled. PPCCC through the cornea incision was performed before in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months postoperatively. The outcome measures were corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelium cell counts (CECC), central macular thickness (CMT), the occurrence of intraoperative or postoperative complications, and the incidence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO).

The mean age was 56.14 ± 9.76 years (ranging from 31 to 68). The mean Snellen CDVA was 20/400 preoperatively and improved to 20/67 postoperatively (
< 0.001). No significant differences were found between IOP (
= 0.96) and CMT (
= 0.42) preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean CECC was 2571.8 ± 319.3 cells/mm
preoperatively and 2498.2 ± 346.3 cells/mm
postoperatively (
< 0.05). Lens epithelium cells proliferation was confined to the peripheral capsular bag during a mean follow-up of 12.9 ± 10.5 months (ranging from 3 to 28 months). Intraoperative posterior capsule extension occurred in 1 eye (4%), although it did not affect the patient's vision. No serious complications, including retinal detachment or endophthalmitis, were detected in any of the 21 cases.

PPCCC through cornea incision combined with phacoemulsification may be a safe and practical alternative to prevent PCO in postvitrectomy eyes with cataract.
PPCCC through cornea incision combined with phacoemulsification may be a safe and practical alternative to prevent PCO in postvitrectomy eyes with cataract.
To report long-term visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with a treat-and-extend regimen (TER) of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in real-world settings.

Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with nAMD treated with a TER of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections by a single retina specialist (GC). Patients with nAMD who had at least one year of follow-up were identified using an electronic database. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, and macular OCT were performed at each visit. Patients received a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal injections and then were treated according to a TER of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and/or aflibercept. The number of injections, BCVA, and central retinal thickness (CRT) were evaluated during the follow-up period.

180 eyes from 180 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 75 ± 9 (range 51-96). Mean Bnts treated with a TER of intravitreal anti-VEGF demonstrates an initial improvement of BCVA after loading phase, followed by long-term visual stabilization for at least six years. These results were obtained with a high number of injections, averaging close to six injections per year during long-term follow-up. In light of the natural evolution of nAMD, these data support the long-term efficacy of this treatment under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of patients and type of anti-VEGF used.
The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of specific patterns of epithelial response in corneal buttons from keratoconus patients.

This was a retrospective and descriptive study. 90 penetrating keratoplasty specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with keratoconus were evaluated using bright-field microscopy. Morphologically identifiable characteristics including epithelial cell density and epithelial thickness were analyzed on hematoxylin and eosin- (H&E-) and periodic acid of Schiff- (PAS-) stained slides.

Three distinctive patterns of epithelial alteration of the central cornea were established. Pattern 3, in which the central epithelium was as thick as peripheral epithelium, was the commonest (44.4%), followed by the pattern 2, defined as central epithelium thinner than periphery epithelium (38.9%), and the uncommonest pattern was number 1, with central epithelium thicker than the periphery (16.7%).

Three distinctive histologic patterns that could potentially have a diagnostic and prognostic value in keratoconus patients were found.
Three distinctive histologic patterns that could potentially have a diagnostic and prognostic value in keratoconus patients were found.Averrhoa bilimbi has been long thought to have biological activity. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of primary and secondary metabolites from A. bilimbi fruit extract on Aedes aegypti larvae mortality and midgut histopathology. Experiment was performed to third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae collected from Surabaya, which then exposed to A. bilimbi crude fruit extract at various concentration for 24 hours. After exposure, larvae were evaluated of its mortality and fixed in 2.5% neutral buffer formalin before processed and sectioned into histological slides and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman rank correlation to determine histopathological damage on midgut of Ae. Manogepix supplier aegypti larvae. Phytochemical screening of A. bilimbi crude fruit extract found that it contained saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Minimum concentration able to induce mortality on Ae. aegypti larvae (LC50) was 977 ppm, while LC90 was at 1380 ppm. Severe alteration of larvae midgut was found after 24 hours exposure to 2000 ppm extract.
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