Notes

Anaphylactic threat related to omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, as well as dupilumab.
Both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli can undergo abrupt temperature transitions in nature. E. coli changes the composition of its phospholipid acyl chains in response to shifts growth temperature. This is mediated by a naturally temperature sensitive enzyme, FabF (3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II), that elongates the 16 carbon unsaturated acyl chain palmitoleate to the 18 carbon unsaturated acyl chain, cis-vaccenate. FabF is more active at low temperatures resulting in increased incorporation of cis-vaccenoyl acyl chains into the membrane phospholipids. This response to temperature is an intrinsic property of FabF and does not require increased synthesis of the enzyme. We report that the FabF of the very divergent bacterium, E. DiR chemical faecalis, has properties very similar to E. coli FabF and is responsible for changing E. faecalis membrane phospholipid acyl chain composition in response to temperature. Moreover, expression E. faecalis FabF in an E. coli ∆fabF strain restores temperature regulation to the E. coli strain.Human and natural disturbances are key drivers of change in forest ecosystems. Yet, the direct and indirect mechanisms which underpin these changes remain poorly understood at the ecosystem level. Here, using structural equation modelling across a 150+ year chronosequence, we disentangle the direct and indirect effects of major disturbances in a temperate forest ecosystem. We show that wildfires, logging and post-fire (salvage) logging can affect plant and microbial communities and abiotic soil properties both directly and indirectly through plant-soil-microbial interactions. We quantified 68 direct and indirect disturbance effects across these components, with the majority resulting in ecosystem-wide adverse effects. Indirect disturbance effects accounted for 43% of total disturbance effects, with some amplifying or partially mitigating direct disturbance effects. Overall, human disturbances were associated with more negative effects than natural disturbances. Our analyses provide novel insights into the multifaceted dynamics of forest disturbances and the mechanisms which underpin their relative impacts.Two unprecedented tetranorlanostane triterpenoids, poricolides A (1) and B (2), and two new lanostane triterpenoids, 3β-acetoxy-24-methyllanosta-8,16,24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (3) and 3β-acetoxylanosta-7,9(11),16,23-tetraen-21-oic acid (4), were isolated from the epidermis of Poria cocos. The structures of 1-4 were determined via analysis of 1 H-, 13 C-, and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first report of tetranorlanostane triterpenoid having a δ-lactone ring at C(17). Compounds 3 and 4 were rare lanostane triterpenoids having a double bond between C(16) and C(17). Compounds 1-4 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC50 values from 16.19±0.38 to 27.74±1.12 μM.Bipolar electrochemistry could be regarded as a powerful approach for selective surface modification due to the beneficial feature that a wirelessly controllable potential distribution on bipolar electrodes (BPEs). Herein we report a bipolar electrolytic micelle disruption (BEMD) system for the preparation of shaped organic films. A U-shaped bipolar electrolytic system with a sigmoidal potential gradient on the BPE gave gradient-thin films including various interesting organic compounds, such as a polymerizable monomer, an organic pigment and aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecules. The gradient feature was characterized by UV-Vis absorption, thickness measurements and surface morphology analysis. Corresponding patterned films were also fabricated using a cylindrical bipolar electrolytic setup that enables site-selective application of the potential on the BPE. Such a facile BEMD approach will open a long-term perspective with respect to organic film preparation.The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Hironori Kaji, Dr. Yoshimasa Wada, and Mr. Yasuaki Wakisaka (Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University). The image shows our designed emitter molecule, MA-TA, possessing charge-transfer (CT) character in both triplet and singlet states. The dynamic flexibility of molecules allows effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and MA-TA show excellent performances in any kinds of hosts. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202001013.The inner membrane complex (IMC) is a defining feature of apicomplexan parasites, which confers stability and shape to the cell, functions as a scaffolding compartment during the formation of daughter cells and plays an important role in motility and invasion during different life cycle stages of these single-celled organisms. To explore the IMC proteome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum we applied a proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID)-based proteomics approach, using the established IMC marker protein Photosensitized INA-Labelled protein 1 (PhIL1) as bait in asexual blood-stage parasites. Subsequent mass spectrometry-based peptide identification revealed enrichment of 12 known IMC proteins and several uncharacterized candidate proteins. We validated nine of these previously uncharacterized proteins by endogenous GFP-tagging. Six of these represent new IMC proteins, while three proteins have a distinct apical localization that most likely represents structures described as apical annuli in Toxoplasma gondii. Additionally, various Kelch13 interacting candidates were identified, suggesting an association of the Kelch13 compartment and the IMC in schizont and merozoite stages. This work extends the number of validated IMC proteins in the malaria parasite and reveals for the first time the existence of apical annuli proteins in P. falciparum. Additionally, it provides evidence for a spatial association between the Kelch13 compartment and the IMC in late blood-stage parasites.
This commentary contends that research by higher degree research training is a sustainable strategy for capacity building the rural and remote health research workforce, provided they have equitable opportunity for access, participation and attainment.

The path for health professionals into academic roles, particularly in rural and remote areas, can be fraught. A strong research skill set might not form a significant component of a clinician's prior experience. Concurrently, university academic positions usually include the PhD as an essential qualification which is misaligned with the experience and skills of rural and remote applicants who are otherwise well-qualified.

Higher degree researches are one mechanism for extending the research expertise and capabilities. However, non-traditional and remotely located cohorts such as the rural and remote health research workforce can face barriers to accessing, participating in and successfully completing formal research training. Barriers include the prevalence of the apprenticeship model of research training grounded in assumptions of colocation and face-to-face learning and supervision and a focus on the binary relationship between supervisors and students.
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