Notes

Creating standard immune system phenotyping involving metastatic cancer malignancy simply by digital camera pathology.
Modelling a muscle key to flexing the thumb, a new study suggests that the powerful opposability that characterises the dextrous human hand evolved in some of our fossil relatives about two million years ago - a time when tool use became more important.Mistletoes, lianas, vines, and epiphytes fulfill many of the population dynamic criteria of animal macroparasites. A new study illustrates elegant ways to quantify cost to the host and how this impacts competition between mistletoe species. It opens the door to a much fuller consideration of plant parasites as macroparasites.Readers are sensitive to the statistics of written language. New research suggests that this sensitivity may be driven by the same domain-general mechanisms that enable the visual system to detect statistical regularities in the visual environment.Small populations harbour less genetic diversity and more harmful mutations. They thus adapt more slowly. A new study supports these notions and suggests that reduced recombination exacerbates these effects, highlighting the impact of genome architecture on adaptability.Many animals use visual cues to navigate their environment. To encode the large input ranges of natural signals optimally, their sensory systems have adapted to the stimulus statistics experienced in their natural habitats1. A striking example, shared across animal phyla, is the retinal tuning to the relative abundance of blue light from the sky, and green light from the ground, evident in the frequency of each photoreceptor type in the two retinal hemispheres2. By adhering only to specific regions of the visual field that contain the relevant information, as for the high-acuity dorsal regions in the eyes of male flies chasing females3, the neural investment can be further reduced. Regionalisation can even lead to activation of the appropriate visual pathway by target location, rather than by stimulus features. This has been shown in fruit flies, which increase their landing attempts when an expanding disc is presented in their frontal visual field, while lateral presentation increases obstacle avoidance responses4. We here report a similar switch in behavioural responses for extended visual scenes. Using a free-flight paradigm, we show that the hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum) responds with flight-control adjustments to translational optic-flow cues exclusively in their ventral and lateral visual fields, while identical stimuli presented dorsally elicit a novel directional flight response. This response split is predicted by our quantitative imaging data from natural visual scenes in a variety of habitats, which demonstrate higher magnitudes of translational optic flow in the ventral hemisphere, and the opposite distribution for contrast edges containing directional information.In the last ten years, the next generation sequencing revolution has multiplied the amount of genetic data for many organisms by orders of magnitude. This has not only led to evolutionary biologists having more data available but also to new and different types of data from a handful of allozyme markers in the 70s, we got dozens of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the 80s, hundreds of microsatellites in the 90s, thousands to hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 2000s, a few full genomes in the 2010s, and thousands of full genomes in the 2020s. These data have provided information not only on the genetic diversity and evolution of the organisms studied but also on genome-wide patterns of selection, linkage disequilibrium, as well as recombination and mutation processes. Below, we will describe how these new genomic data can be used to infer the past demographic history of populations.Paul Hagerman and Randi Hagerman introduce the X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and discuss what causes this disorder and how it can be treated.Interview with Lesley Weaver, who uses the Drosophila ovary as a model to study how inter-organ communication downstream of nuclear receptor signaling influences oogenesis at Indiana University.
During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, many emergency departments (EDs) were exposed to COVID-19 and were temporarily closed according to national protocol of Korea. We aimed to evaluate the effect of concurrent and recurrent temporary closures of EDs on the clinical outcomes of patients who visited EDs during the COVID-19 outbreak.

This cross-sectional study used a nationwide emergency patient database. Patients who visited one of the 46 EDs in Daegu and Gyeongbuk between January 21 and April 14, 2020 were included. The main exposure variable was the first medical contact (ED visit or 119 call to emergency medical services (EMS)) during closure of at least one ED. There were 25 temporary closures of six Level-1 and Level-2 EDs between February 18 and March 17, 2020. We constructed a dataset by performing bidirectional crossover matching and conducted a conditional logistic regression analysis where the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Of the 94,360 eligiblality rates irrespective of whether they used EMS. Preparing regional EMS systems to cope with new outbreaks is essential to protect the safety of all citizens.
Due to the unique nature of working in the field of emergency medicine (EM), physicians often find it difficult to engage in research and scholarly activity while also working clinical shifts. Barriers to engaging in both academic and clinical work include lack of time, resources, and incentives. Capivasertib EM physicians are familiar with the concept of scribes working alongside them in the emergency department, and there are multiple papers published that examine and advocate for their benefits.

This paper aims to introduce the concept of virtual research scribes in clinical research in EM to offer physicians an opportunity to alleviate the burdens of balancing clinical work and academia simultaneously.

A research scribe is a student who is interested in healthcare and research and aids the PI in literature reviews and manuscript writing and editing, completely remotely. Six research scribes were hired in a pilot program to test their efficacy in a clinical research setting. The scribes were assigned tasks including manuscript writing and editing, performing literature reviews, and writing newsletters.
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