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CANAKINUMAB Within Wide spread JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: REAL-LIFE Files From the RETROSPECTIVE ITALIAN COHORT.
Extract prepared at room temperature and 50°C prevented loss of cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species resulted after hydrogen peroxide exposure; however, cytoprotective efficacy was not significant at 100°C and 200°C The order of cytoprotective effects observed by these extract were in the following order room temperature ≥ 50°C > 100°C > 200°C. Overall, the optimal temperature conditions for the efficient extraction of G. lucidum with water retaining bioactive compounds and biological activity was found to be below 100°C.Lentinus edodes (= Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom grown and marketed for centuries due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. L. edodes has multiple pharmacological activities as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Few studies were performed taking into account the influence of culture conditions to optimize the biological properties of L. edodes on human health. Our work focused on the comparison of antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of L. edodes fruit bodies cultivated by three mushroom producers in the French Occitanie region using the same strain in various growing conditions (organic and nonorganic). Sequential extraction was performed on freeze-dried fungal materials. All extracts have a quantifiable but moderate antioxidant activity measured via DPPH and ORAC tests. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated on a model of inflammatory macrophages. The ethanol extracts inhibit NO production in a dose-dependent manner when the cells are pretreated for 4 h with a 24 h stimulation time.The research field of culinary and medicinal mushrooms has been well developed since the first relevant publication in 1966. However, to date, there has been no bibliometric analysis published specifically for this field. This study aimed to assess the most influential publications as well as the research trends and important drivers in the field of culinary and medicinal mushrooms. Scopus was used to identify relevant publications and the 1000 most-cited publications were identified and analyzed. Bradford's law of scattering shows one-third of the papers were published in 14 core journals, with a total of 102 papers published in International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. There is an insignificant negative correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = -0.355) between the journal impact factor and publication count. VOSviewer was used to generate a country network. China represents Asia's research center in this field, having contributed 20% of the 1000 most-cited publications. A term map was also created to visualize the co-occurrence of key terms in the domain. Different biological activities such as antioxidant and antitumor properties of mushrooms appeared to be a recurring topic in this field. Wasser (2003) showed the highest citation count (n = 1282), which is almost double the second most-cited publication (n = 611). There is a weak positive correlation (r = +0.237) between the years since publication and total citation count. In conclusion, this bibliometric study will assist researchers to comprehend the current status of the research on culinary and medicinal mushrooms, and to visualize the future impact of such an important field.Over the years, the gut microbiota has become a main focus in gastroenterology and hepatology research. It is made up of billions of bacteria that can have essential functions ranging from digestion to the control of the immune response through the production of substances resulting from microbial metabolic activities. However, the liver remains the primordial organ as the first filter of toxins, nutrients, as well as its bacterial metabolic products from the intestines and passing through the portal vein which is the main junction connecting them and constituting about 75% of liver blood supply. Hence, the importance of their interactions, which, associated with the immune system, play mediating roles both in normal physiology and in the predisposition to disease, especially liver disease. In addition, possible therapeutic manifestations due to the modification of the intestinal microflora through prebiotics can come from nutrition such as mushroom consumption. Although used for food and medical needs for centuries, mushrooms have not yet fully disclosed their positive effects on health, particularly on the regulation of intestinal microbiota and subsequent effect on liver diseases. IWP-4 This review will present the knowledge acquired on the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the functioning of the liver; factors causing dysbiosis, the process by which it causes disorders of intestinal homeostasis and induces the genesis of liver diseases; and the therapeutic benefits of culinary-medicinal mushrooms on the body in general through the intestinal microbiota. Mushrooms have several bioactive compounds, for example, polysaccharides such as xylans, galactans, β and α-glucans, and chitin, that justify their use as prebiotics to promote the growth of intestinal bacteria and to induce beneficial effects in the health of the host.Three vascular routes to the inner ear are known 1) through the internal acoustic meatus with the vestibulocochlear nerve; 2) from the endolymphatic duct aperture; and 3) along the canal of Cotugno (CC) inserted into the vestibular part of the ear from the superior or brain side. The third is believed to contain only veins. Examinations of 33 human embryos and fetuses at 6-40 weeks demonstrated that 1) the CC appeared as a recess of epidural mesenchymal tissues at the superior aspect of the otic capsule cartilage in embryos and it was inserted deeply to issue multiple peripheral divisions inferolaterally and posteriorly at midterm; 2) the CC consistently passed through a ring of the superior or anterior semicircular canal and contained both, the arteries from the vestibulocochlear nerve origin at the midbrain and the vein draining into the sigmoid sinus or petrosal sinuses; and 3) the CC appeared not to contribute to ossification of the otic capsule cartilage but, after endochondral ossification of the internal ear, woven bone development occurred along a smooth interface of the CC with the ossified ear.
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