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Adjust associated with branch place in Japanese children along with teenagers with idiopathic genu valgum.
ayed the lowest prevalence of FASD of the 4 CoFASP sites. Nevertheless, FASD were common, and affected children demonstrated a common, recognizable, and measurable array of traits. © 2020 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.OBJECTIVE To detail the characteristic traits of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and maternal risk factors in a southeastern U.S. County. METHODS Independent samples were drawn from 2 different cohorts of first-grade students. All consented children (49.8%) were measured for height, weight, and head circumference, and those ≤ 25th centile entered the study along with a random sample drawn from all enrolled students. Study children were examined for physical growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior, and their mothers were interviewed. RESULTS Total dysmorphology scores discriminated well the physical traits of children across the FASD continuum fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) = 15.8, partial FAS (PFAS) = 10.8, alcohol-related neurobehavioral disorder (ARND) = 5.2, and typically developing controls = 4.4. Additionally, a neurobehavioral battery distinguished children with each FASD diagnosis from controls. Behavioral problems qualified more children for FASD diagnoses than cognitive traits. SP study, yet children with FASD are prevalent. © 2020 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic significance of smoking in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) when considering American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition (AJCC-8) stage. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Three hundred seventeen HPV-positive OPSCC patients with known AJCC-8 stage and smoking status ( less then 10 or ≥10 pack-years) seen at a tertiary center from 1997 to 2017 were studied. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to compare 5-year overall survival (OS) by smoking status and by clinical AJCC-8 stage and smoking status combined. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression for the independent effects of smoking and AJCC-8 stage. We also studied pathologic stage and estimated the combined effects of smoking and clinical stage. RESULTS The ≥10 pack-years smokers had worse 5-year OS than less then 10 pack-years smokers (93.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 89.7-97.8 vs. 82.3%; 95% CI 76.0%-89.1%). When stratified by AJCC-8 clinical stage, only stage I  less then 10 pack-years smokers (98.7%; 95% CI 96.3%-100.0%) had significantly better 5-year OS than their ≥10 pack-years (84.8%; 95% CI 76.4%-94.1%) counterparts. In a multivariable analysis, ≥10 pack-years smoking was associated with increased hazard of death when adjusting for AJCC-8 clinical (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.16-5.46) and pathologic (HR 5.21; 95% CI 1.47-18.5) stage. In both analyses, stage III patients demonstrated worse survival than stage I, and smoking had greater impact at lower stages. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is a negative prognosticator in HPV-positive OPSCC and interacts with AJCC-8 clinical stage. It is important to understand the impact of smoking in HPV-positive disease when considering treatment plans and deintensification trials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b Laryngoscope, 2020. © 2020 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.OBJECTIVE To document prevalence and traits of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and maternal risk factors in a Rocky Mountain city. METHODS Variations on active case ascertainment methods were used in 2 first-grade cohorts in all city schools. The consent rate was 59.2%. Children were assessed for physical growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior and their mothers interviewed. RESULTS Thirty-eight children were diagnosed with FASD and compared with 278 typically developing controls. Total dysmorphology scores summarized well the key physical indicators of FASD and defined specific diagnostic groups. On average, children with FASD performed significantly poorer than controls on intellectual, adaptive, learning, attention, and behavioral tasks. click here More mothers of children with FASD reported drinking prior to pregnancy and in the first and second trimesters, and had partners with drinking problems than mothers of controls; however, reports of comorbid alcohol use and 6 other drugs were similar risk traits. © 2020 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.OBJECTIVES Vocal fold (VF) scarring and laryngeal stenosis are a significant clinical challenge. Excessive scar formation causes low voice quality or even life-threatening obstructions. Cytokines are thought to modulate multiple steps of the establishment of VF fibrosis, but there is no systematic report regarding their role in modulating VF fibrosis. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines in modulating vocal fold fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS This review searched for all relevant peer publications in English for the period 2009 to 2019 in the PubMed database using search terms "laryngeal stenosis," "vocal fold scarring," and "cytokines." A thorough investigation of the methods and results of the reviewed studies was performed. RESULTS Comprehensive research in various studies, including analyses of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), supports cytokine therapy for VF scarring and laryngeal stenosis to some extent. A few clinical studies on this topic support the conclusion that HGF and bFGF can be selected as effective drugs, and no serious side effects were found. CONCLUSIONS This review describes the potential of cytokines for modulating the process of VF fibrogenesis, although cytokines are still an unproven treatment method. As no ideal drugs exist, cytokines may be considered the candidate treatment for preventing VF fibrogenesis. Laryngoscope, 2020. © 2020 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.BACKGROUND New immunotherapeutic approaches are urgently needed for metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma, which is associated with poor survival and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) plays an essential role in the onset and development of rhabdomyosarcoma and is a new potential therapeutic target for rhabdomyosarcoma. The objective of this study was to generate humanized PDGFRA single-chain variable fragment-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) against PDGFRA-positive rhabdomyosarcoma. METHODS PDGFRA antigen expression was evaluated in specimens from patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. CAR-T cells containing a PDGFRA-specific single-chain variable fragment was developed in combination with a 4-1BB costimulatory domain and a CD3-ζ signaling domain. Specific cytotoxic effects of PDGFRA CAR-T cells, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine secretion were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PDGFRA CAR-T cells produced large amounts of immune-promoting cytokines, including interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ, and exhibited efficient cytotoxic activity toward human PDGFRA-overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vitro.
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