Notes

Deadly infection due to Cytauxzoon felis in a captive-reared jaguar (Panthera onca).
suggesting that implant replacement was necessary to prevent repeat cage retropulsion after revision.The authors thank the readers for pointing out the issues [...].The authors wish to make the following change to their paper [...].Corrections have been made to "Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions" [...].Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. During the routine monitoring of wheat pest, the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), in the Greater Poland region, it was observed that some leaves wounded by CLB also displayed brownish lesions with clear margins and yellow halo, disease symptoms resembling a bacterial infection. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate those symptoms to establish a causal agent of the disease. The identification based on the results of the Biolog's Gen III system, 16S rRNA, and gyrB genes sequencing, revealed the presence of eight strains of Pantoea ananatis bacteria. Four strains were derived from wheat leaves (Ta024, Ta027, Ta030, Ta046), and four from the CLB's oral secretion (OUC1, OUD2, OUF2, and OUG1). They shared the nucleotide identity ranging from 99 to 100% to P. ananatis strains deposited in the GenBank database. Additionally, the multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of concatenated sequences of partial atpD, fusA, gyrB, rplB, and rpoB genes was performed. All P. ananatis strains isolated in Poland, grouped into one cluster supported with high bootstrap value. Pathogenicity tests performed on four varieties of wheat plants have identified P. ananatis strains as a causal agent of wheat disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. ananatis affecting wheat plants.At the present time, no artificial larval diet is capable of entirely fulfilling the dietary requirements of several larval fish and crustacean species. Zooplankton live food is the basic foundation of fish larviculture, and successful rearing of fish larvae still heavily depends on an adequate supply of nutritious live food. Despite being important, the production protocols of copepods and cladocerans (Moina) are still underdeveloped in hatcheries. Rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used live foods. Phenazine methosulfate price However, these live foods are evidently lacking in crucial nutrient constituents. Hence, through nutrient enrichment, live food with the nutritional profile that meets the requirements of fish larvae can be produced. With the aim to maximize the effectiveness of production to optimize profitability, it is important to evaluate and improve culture techniques for the delivery of micro- and macro-nutrients as feed supplements to larvae in aquaculture systems. Bioencapsulation and enrichment are the evolving techniques in aquaculture that are commonly employed to enhance the nutritional quality of live food by integrating nutrients into them, which subsequently improves the growth, survival, and disease resistance of the consuming hosts. This review aims to highlight some of the approaches and methods used to improve the nutritional quality of live food by modifying their nutrient composition, which could have immense promise in the enhancement of aquatic animal health.Pyrolysis conditions directly influence biochar properties and, consequently, influence the potential use of biochar. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 °C) on the hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, ash content, yield, volatile matter content, elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, X-ray diffraction results, scanning electron microscopy results, specific surface area, and micropore volume of eucalyptus wood-derived biochar. The degree of linear association between pyrolysis temperatures and biochar properties was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed a positive correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the hydrogen potential value, electrical conductivity, and elemental carbon. There was a negative correlation of the pyrolysis temperature with the yield, volatile matter content, elemental oxygen, elemental hydrogen, surface area, aromaticity, hydrophilicity, and polarity indexes. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated an increase in aromaticity and a decrease in the polarity of high-temperature biochar. The increased pyrolysis temperature caused the loss of cellulose and crystalline mineral components, as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. These results indicated that changing the pyrolysis temperature enables the production of biochar from the same raw material with a wide range of physicochemical properties, which allows its use in various types of agricultural and environmental activities.Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas present in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere abundantly. Its ionizing radiation provides the largest human internal exposure by inhalation and ingestion to natural sources, constituting a serious health hazard. The contribution to total exposure is mainly due to inhalation, as ingestion by food or drinking water is typically very small. However, because of public health concerns, the contributions from all these sources are limited by regulations and remedial action should be taken in the event that the defined threshold values are overcome. In this paper, the first campaign of measurements to control the radon activity concentration in drinking water from public water supplies in the province of Salerno, south Italy, is described. The results represent a main reference for the area, as it was never investigated before. The purpose of this survey was to contribute to data compilation concerning the presence of radon-222 in groundwater in the Campania region and to determine the associated risk for different age groups. The maximum radon activity concentrations and the related total annual public effective dose turned out to be lower than the threshold values (100 Bq/l and 0.1 mSv/y, respectively) indicated by international guidelines and the national regulation, showing that the health risks for public consumption can be considered negligible.The topographical micro-patterning of nanofibrillar collagen gels is promising for the fabrication of biofunctional constructs mimicking topographical cell microenvironments of in vivo extracellular matrices. Nevertheless, obtaining structurally robust collagen micro-patterns through this technique is still a challenging issue. Here, we report a novel in situ photochemical crosslinking-assisted collagen embossing (IPC-CE) process as an integrative fabrication technique based on collagen compression-based embossing and UV-riboflavin crosslinking. The IPC-CE process using a micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) master mold enables the compaction of collagen nanofibrils into micro-cavities of the mold and the simultaneous occurrence of riboflavin-mediated photochemical reactions among the nanofibrils, resulting in a robust micro-patterned collagen construct. The micro-patterned collagen construct fabricated through the IPC-CE showed a remarkable mechanical resistivity against rehydration and manual handling, which could not be achieved through the conventional collagen compression-based embossing alone. Micro-patterns of various sizes (minimum feature size less then 10 μm) and shapes could be obtained by controlling the compressive pressure (115 kPa) and the UV dose (3.00 J/cm2) applied during the process. NIH 3T3 cell culture on the micro-patterned collagen construct finally demonstrated its practical applicability in biological applications, showing a notable effect of anisotropic topography on cells in comparison with the conventional construct.
A highly pathogenic human coronavirus able to induce severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been recently recognized as the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the disease became pandemic after a few months. Little is still known about the laboratory prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients. The aim of our study was to describe the prognostic value of clotting parameters for the prediction of severe form of COVID-19 characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at hospital admission.

From a large cohort of 152 patients consecutively admitted from February to March 2020 for fever and dyspnea to the emergency departments (ED) of three Italian hospitals, we evaluated 85 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and 67 patients with acute illness. All patients underwent medical history checks, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen and D-dimer tests were performed and compared, first, between COVID-19 and control groups, and then between COVID-19 patients with or without ARDS.

COVID-19 patients were more likely to show abnormal baseline levels of PT, aPTT, D-dimer, and fibrinogen at admission compared to the control group. COVID-19 patients with ARDS showed a statistically significant increase in levels of fibrinogen compared to those without ARDS (720 (621-833) vs. link2 490 (397.5-601.5);
= 1.8653 × 10
(0.0765). A cut-off value of 617 mg/dL had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 79% in identifying COVID-19 patients with ARDS.

A serum level of fibrinogen of 617 mg/dL in COVID-19 patients admitted to emergency department may help to identify early those with ARDS.
A serum level of fibrinogen of 617 mg/dL in COVID-19 patients admitted to emergency department may help to identify early those with ARDS.African swine fever virus is the etiological agent of African swine fever, a transmissible severe hemorrhagic disease that affects pigs, causing massive economic losses. There is neither a treatment nor a vaccine available, and the only method to control its spread is by extensive culling of pigs. So far, classical vaccine development approaches have not yielded sufficiently good results in terms of concomitant safety and efficacy. Nowadays, thanks to advances in genomic and proteomic techniques, a reverse vaccinology strategy can be explored to design alternative vaccine formulations. In this study, ASFV protein sequences were analyzed using an in-house pipeline based on publicly available immunoinformatic tools to identify epitopes of interest for a prospective vaccine ensemble. link3 These included experimentally validated sequences from the Immune Epitope Database, as well as de novo predicted sequences. Experimentally validated and predicted epitopes were prioritized following a series of criteria that included evolutionary conservation, presence in the virulent and currently circulating variant Georgia 2007/1, and lack of identity to either the pig proteome or putative proteins from pig gut microbiota. Following this strategy, 29 B-cell, 14 CD4+ T-cell and 6 CD8+ T-cell epitopes were selected, which represent a starting point to investigating the protective capacity of ASFV epitope-based vaccines.X-ray single-grating interferometry was applied to conduct accurate wavefront corrections for hard X-ray nanofocusing mirrors. Systematic errors in the interferometer, originating from a grating, a detector, and alignment errors of the components, were carefully examined. Based on the measured wavefront errors, the mirror shapes were directly corrected using a differential deposition technique. The corrected X-ray focusing mirrors with a numerical aperture of 0.01 attained two-dimensionally diffraction-limited performance. The results of the correction indicate that the uncertainty of the wavefront measurement was less than λ/72 in root-mean-square value.
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