Notes

2020-21 Coryza vaccine advertising campaign strategy as a style for the 3rd COVID-19 vaccine measure?
04). Weak positive correlations between the increase in body height and NTproCNP, CICP, BAP as well as OC were found. There were no correlations between NTproCNP and the bone markers.

The results suggest that NTproCNP concentration depends on growth velocity in children. There is increasing evidence that a better knowledge of CNP biology contributes to a better understanding of bone growth mechanisms.
The results suggest that NTproCNP concentration depends on growth velocity in children. There is increasing evidence that a better knowledge of CNP biology contributes to a better understanding of bone growth mechanisms.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking (CS) and chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, the exact mechanisms of this phenomenon remains unknown. The authors have previously shown that increased Ras expression activates the NF-κB mediated pathway and promotes development of CP. However, it is unclear whether a similar phenomenon occurs in CS-induced CP. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether CS increases the expression of K-Ras, and promotes the development of CP in mice exposed to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis (AP).

C57BL6/cmdb mice were exposed to CS or a sham treatment for 12 weeks. After one week of exposure, half of the animals from both groups were additionally subjected to repeated cerulein treatment (once a week, for 10 consecutive weeks) to mimic recurrent episodes of AP. Extension of pancreatic damage was determined histologically by H&E and Trichrome staining. The expression of K-Ras protein and downstream components (NF-κB, Cox-2, TGF-β) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

C57BL6/cmdb mice exposed to CS or cerulein alone did not develop any chronic pancreatic damage. However, concomitant treatment with both of these agents caused focal acinar atrophy, with slight intralobular and perivascular areas of fibrosis, and inflammatory cells infiltration resembling mild CP. Moreover, immunohistochemistry examinations revealed increased pancreatic expression of K-Ras and NF-κB only in mice treated both with CS and cerulein.

CS promotes development of CP in mice exposed to repeated episodes of AP. This process may be, at least partially, related to increased expression of K-Ras and NF-κB protein.
CS promotes development of CP in mice exposed to repeated episodes of AP. This process may be, at least partially, related to increased expression of K-Ras and NF-κB protein.
The aim of the study was to determine the presence and concentration of indicator microorganisms on leafy green vegetables available in Poland.

Microbial analyses of 122 samples of leafy green vegetables rocket, lamb's lettuce, iceberg lettuce, chive, spinach, celery, dill and parsley, sold in Polish supermarkets in 2018 and 2019, were conducted. The vegetables were analyzed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds,
, coliforms and
number according to Polish standards.

The most microbiologically contaminated vegetables occurred to be parsley, rocket and spinach, and the least contaminated was iceberg lettuce. The presence of total mesophilic bacteria was found in all samples. The highest average number of mesophilic bacteria was found for lamb's lettuce, rocket, parsley and spinach. Numerous yeasts were presented in almost all leafy green samples while rocket and parsley were the most contaminated with moulds.
were isolated from all samples of parsley. High populations of these bacteria were found in rocket and celery samples. Of the 122 vegetable samples, 95 (78%) were positive for coliforms, especially all samples of parsley were inhabited by these bacteria. 24% of all samples were contaminated by
, mainly parsley, spinach and chive. The presence of
was found in only one sample of spinach.

The levels of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds,
and coliforms in leafy green vegetables sold in Poland could be classified as moderate or low. The abundant presence of the studied microorganisms may pose a risk for some categories of people consuming leafy green vegetables, mostly immuno-compromised persons.
The levels of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and coliforms in leafy green vegetables sold in Poland could be classified as moderate or low. The abundant presence of the studied microorganisms may pose a risk for some categories of people consuming leafy green vegetables, mostly immuno-compromised persons.
Traffic pollution has been recognized as directly worsening respiratory symptoms of allergic subjects, although whether urban air pollutants can also directly increase the allergenic potential of pollen has not yet been definitely proven. Therefore, the hypothesis that intra-urban air NO2 variation influences allergens expression in Cupressus sempervirens (Cs) L. pollen was tested.

Mature microsporophylls were cut from Cs trees of similar age and height (14-17 m) present in three different sites of Florence (Italy) and processed in the laboratory. Cs pollen allergens amount was determined by a semi-quantitative analysis of electrophoretically separated pollen extracts fractions. NO2 air concentrations were recorded by air monitoring stations located at a distance not exceeding 50 m from each pollen collection site, and the relative annual mean values were acquired by a publicly available database (Tuscan Regional Agency for Environment Protection).

Expression of three major Cs pollen allergens was non-linearly correlated with mean annual NO2 concentrations. Expression peak of all major allergens considered was reached at NO2 air concentration (67μg/m3), far below the value at risk for direct effect on the respiratory health (European Union Directive 2008/50/EC).

The findings suggest that intra-urban NO2 variations do affect the expression of Cs pollen major allergens, and an apparent low risk NO2 concentration should be regarded as indirectly harmful for increasing the allergenic potential of pollen.
The findings suggest that intra-urban NO2 variations do affect the expression of Cs pollen major allergens, and an apparent low risk NO2 concentration should be regarded as indirectly harmful for increasing the allergenic potential of pollen.
In Poland, approximately 730,000 people are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Acceptance of a chronic illness may positively motivate patients in the process of treatment. The higher the degree of illness acceptance, the lower the feeling of psychological discomfort and a lower intensity of negative emotions.

The aim of the study was assessment of illness acceptance among patients with chronic hepatitis C, and determination of the level of the relationship between social and demographic variables, and the degree of illness acceptance.

The study included 220 patients with a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C. The research method was a diagnostic survey, while the instruments used were the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and an author-constructed questionnaire.

Respondents most frequently accepted their illness to the mean degree (30 scores), and a low category or even the lack of acceptance (<20 scores) of respondents. Urban inhabitants significantly more often accepted their illness to a high degree, compared to rural inhabitants. Disability pensioners and retired pensioners significantly more frequently accepted their disease in the category - low degree. The remaining independent variables gender, age, education, marital status, number of years of illness, had no significant effect on the degree of acceptance of hepatitis C.

The majority of patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C accept their illness to the mean degree. Patients with hepatitis C should be covered with psychological assistance in order to change the way of perception and evaluation of their health situation in more positive terms.
The majority of patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C accept their illness to the mean degree. Patients with hepatitis C should be covered with psychological assistance in order to change the way of perception and evaluation of their health situation in more positive terms.
Mycobacteriosis are diseases caused by acid-fast mycobacteria other than
and tuberculous mycobacteria. Animal mycobacteriosis is often caused by
ssp.
. Many species of animals are susceptible to infection with this bacterium, even those kept in Zoological Gardens. The aim of the study was to determine the species of bacterium responsible for causing the disease in the tested animals.

Tissue samples of two male sitatunga antelopes (Tragelaphus spekii) were analyzed. Lymph node and lung samples were subjected to anatomical examination and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Real-time PCR was performed to confirm or rule out tuberculosis mycobacteria infection. In order to isolate the bacterial strain, tissue samples were inoculated on both solid and liquid media. HainLifescience CM tests, mass spectrometry and New Generation Sequencing were used to determine the mycobacterial species.

Results showed that atypical mycobacteria are responsible for the antelope disease. The results of the HainLifescience CM test and mass spectrometry indicated that the mycobacterium responsible for causing mycobacteriosis was
. New Generation Sequencing helped to identified a subspecies that was
ssp.
.

The sitatunga antelope is an animal susceptible to infection by
ssp.
. Considering the wide range of hosts and the easiness of interspecies transmission of the pathogen, as well as its zoonotic nature, the mycobacteriosis induced by this microorganism should not be underestimated.
The sitatunga antelope is an animal susceptible to infection by M. Selleckchem STF-083010 avium ssp. hominissuis. Considering the wide range of hosts and the easiness of interspecies transmission of the pathogen, as well as its zoonotic nature, the mycobacteriosis induced by this microorganism should not be underestimated.
Reports on tick-borne infections in free-living juvenile animals and their impact on survival of cervids in nature are lacking. The aim of the study was to detect and identify the
and
species/ecotypes that may have contributed to the death of juvenile animals from a wildlife rescue centre in spring 2020.

PCR amplification and sequencing of two genetic markers (18S rDNA and
for
, 16S rDNA and groEL for
) were used for screening eleven samples derived from juvenile animals which died in a rescue centre (seven roe deer
, one elk
, one red squirrel
, one European beaver
, one red fox
). Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 18S rDNA sequence was performed to enable differentiation between two closely-related species infecting wild ungulates,
and
(zoonotic).

The occurrence of the typical SNPs of
at two discriminating positions in the 18S rRNA gene allowed identification of
infection in a roe deer calf. In two calves,
ecotype 2 was identified, including the same calf co-infection. No Babesia DNA was amplified in an elk calf treated for babesiosis. Splenomegaly was recorded in roe deer calves with
and
+
infection.

The study revealed that tick-borne infections are common among juvenile, free-living cervids and may contribute to their mortality.
The study revealed that tick-borne infections are common among juvenile, free-living cervids and may contribute to their mortality.
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