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Metacognition Values and Health and wellness throughout Forecasting Alexithymia inside Individuals.
The study of tropical diseases like leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease, has not received much attention even though it is the second-largest infectious disease after malaria. As per the WHO report, a total of 0.7-1.0 million new leishmaniasis cases, which are spread by 23 Leishmania species in more than 98 countries, are estimated with an alarming 26,000-65,000 death toll every year. Lack of potential vaccines along with the cost and toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB), the most common drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis, has raised the interest significantly for new formulations and drug delivery systems including nanoparticle-based delivery as anti-leishmanial agents. The size, shape, and high surface area to volume ratio of different NPs make them ideal for many biological applications. The delivery of drugs through liposome, polymeric, and solid-lipid NPs provides the advantage of high biocomatibilty of the carrier with reduced toxicity. Importantly, NP-based delivery has shown improved efficacy due to targeted delivery of the payload and synergistic action of NP and payload on the target. This review analyses the advantage of NP-based delivery over standard chemotherapy and natural product-based delivery system. The role of different physicochemical properties of a nanoscale delivery system is discussed. Further, different ways of nanoformulation delivery ranging from liposome, niosomes, polymeric, metallic, solid-lipid NPs were updated along with the possible mechanisms of action against the parasite. The status of current nano-vaccines and the future potential of NP-based vaccine are elaborated here.Localized fat deposits are associated with health and aesthetic problems that mainly affect a large proportion of individuals. Recently, bioactive constituents of TP have been reported to affect lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed a network pharmacological analysis to assume potential lipolytic effects of TP and investigated the actual lipolytic effects of TP extract injection on local body fat and its underlying mechanism. Using the genes related to active compounds of TP, the network was constructed. Through the Functional Enrichment Analysis, Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Metabolism were expected to be affiliated with the network, which implied possible lipolytic effects of TP. On the comparison between TP network and Obesity-related Gene Sets, about three-fourths of elements were in common with the gene sets, which indicated a high relevance between TP and obesity. Based on the genes in lipolysis-related pathways, Perilipin, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were selected to identify the actual lipolytic effects of TP. TP injection reduced the inguinal fat weight. Also, the diameter of the adipocytes was decreased by the TP treatment in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, TP suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, because the expression of Perilipin was increased, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were markedly decreased. Furthermore, glycerol release was down-regulated by the TP treatment. TP exerted its lipolytic effects by regulating the lipolysis machinery through stimulation of lipases. Based on the present findings, TP is expected to be a potent component of injection lipolysis for removing localized body fat.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a group of several chronic disorders with elusive pathogenesis that results in dysregulation of the normal immune response and leads to organ-specific or systemic inflammation. There are many reports on gastrointestinal or skin dysbiosis in patients with IMIDs; however, it is not clear whether dysbiosis is a cause or a result of the observed inflammation. We aimed to determine whether treatment of IMIDs patients with biologics affects their microbiota in comparison with baseline or placebo.

We searched for studies in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Due to both high heterogeneity and lacking data, vote-counting and structured tables were used to summarize the data.

A total of 25 longitudinal human studies with 816 IMIDs patients receiving biologics were included. Data on α-diversity change are inconclusive. Most evidence supports the increase in all α-diversity metrics in responding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients; however, vote counting did not confirm the significance of the directional change. In case of β-diversity, treatment with biologics made patients' microbiome more similar to the microbiome of healthy controls in 5 out of 7 studies. The changes in taxa abundance and predicted functionality of microbiome were systematically summarized. AZD8186 Limited number and quality of the included studies highly restricted the conclusions of the study.

Local inflammation may play pivotal role in the gut microbiome disruption in IMIDs patients. The effect of the biologics on human microbiota should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials and transparently reported.
Local inflammation may play pivotal role in the gut microbiome disruption in IMIDs patients. The effect of the biologics on human microbiota should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials and transparently reported.Diosmin is a natural flavone glycoside (bioflavonoid) found in fruits and plants with several pharmacological activities. It has been widely used as a dietary supplement or therapeutic agent in various diseases/disorders. Although recommended, evidence of its protective mechanisms against kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), especially calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate (COM) that is the most common type, remained unclear. In this study, we thus systematically evaluated the effects of diosmin (at 2.5-160 nM) on various stages of kidney stone formation processes, including COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, internalization into renal tubular cells and invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM). The results showed that diosmin had dose-dependent modulatory effects on all the mentioned COM kidney stone processes. Diosmin significantly increased COM crystal number and mass during crystallization, but reduced crystal size and growth. While diosmin promoted crystal aggregation, it inhibited crystal-cell adhesion and internalization into renal tubular cells. Finally, diosmin promoted crystal invasion through the ECM. Our data provide evidence demonstrating both inhibiting and promoting effects of diosmin on COM kidney stone formation processes. Based on these dual modulatory activities of diosmin, its anti-urolithiasis role is doubtful and cautions should be made for its use in kidney stone disease.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder that is difficult to cure and characterized by periods of relapse. To face the challenges of limited treatment strategies and drawbacks of conventional medications, developing new and promising strategies as well as safe and effective drugs for treatment of IBD has become an urgent demand for clinics. The imbalance of Th17/Treg is a crucial event for the development of IBD, and studies have verified that correcting the imbalance of Th17/Treg is an effective strategy for preventing and treating IBD. Recently, a growing body of studies has indicated that phytochemicals derived from natural products are potent regulators of Th17/Treg, and exert preferable protective benefits against colonic inflammation. In this review, the great potential of anti-colitis agents derived from natural products through targeting Th17/Treg cells and their action mechanisms for the treatment or prevention of IBD in recent research is summarized, which may help further the development of new drugs for IBD treatment.This review summarizes the information about the history and future of the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Genome editing can be perceived as a group of technologies that allow scientists to change the DNA of an organism. These technologies involve the deletion, insertion, or modification of the genome at a specific site in a DNA sequence. Gene therapy in humans has a perspective to be used to eliminate the gene responsible for a particular genetic disorder. The review focuses on the key elements of this promising method and the possibility of its application in the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases.
Based on a comprehensive search, we realized that the findings of the available literature are contradictory, and also limited data are available on Middle Eastern populations in terms of probiotic supplementation during the pregnancy. Therefore, the current double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and also other maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The pregnant women were randomized to either received probiotic supplement (n=271) or placebo (n=271) from the first half of the second trimester (14 weeks of pregnancy) up to 24 weeks when pregnant women routinely evaluated regarding the GDM. During the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, mothers were evaluated regarding the presence of GDM using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The fasting blood glucose (FBG) was also evaluated within OGTT processes. Each 500mg probiotic capsule was a mixture of Lactobacillus acidnd trimester up to 24 weeks of pregnancy does not reduce the risk of GDM, or improve other neonatal and maternal outcomes.Herbal antioxidant like curcumin holds great potential to treat neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease. However, its therapeutic potency is obstructed due to rapid metabolism, poor solubility, GI susceptibility, enzymatic degradation and lower bioavailability. Thus, the present work aimed to design and optimize curcumin-loaded NLC (CNL) with higher drug entrapment, prolonged release and better stability. CNL was prepared by modified melt emulsification method followed by ultrasonication. The formulation was optimized by 3 factor 3 level Box-Behnken design using solid liquid lipid, surfactant concentration and ultrasonication time as independent variable while particle size, entrapment efficiency and % drug release as dependant variable. The design suggested 3.092 solidliquid lipid, 2.131% surfactant and 4.757 min ultrasonication fit best to get the optimized formulation. The size of the optimized CNL was noted 124.37 ± 55.81 nm, which is in the acceptable range for brain delivery. SEM results also comply with this size range (near 150 nm) and demonstrated almost spherical and uniform particles with porous and uneven surface structures. PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and % drug release were observed as 0.201 ± 0.00, - 17.2 ± 2.35 mV, 93.62 ± 0.68% and 92.73 ± 0.06%, respectively. The NLC demonstrated initial burst release with subsequent prolonged release of drug for 48 h. Weibull kinetic equation with 0.9958 R2, minimum AIC and maximum MSC value was found best fit to explain the release behavior. The β exponent and diffusional coefficient (n) indicated combined release mechanism with Fickian diffusion as drug release mechanism. Formulation was also found stable at different storage condition.Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen responsible for mild to severe invasive infections in humans. Especially, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is prevalent in hospital and community associated infections. Staphyloxanthin is a golden yellow color eponymous pigment produced by S. aureus and provides resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and host neutrophil-based killing. In addition, this membrane pigment contributes to membrane rigidity and helps MRSA to survive under stress conditions. Targeting virulence of pathogen without exerting selection pressure is the recent approach to fight bacterial infections without developing drug resistance. The present study for the first time evaluated the staphyloxanthin inhibitory potential of thymol against MRSA. Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrated 90% of staphyloxanthin inhibition at 100 µg/mL concentration of thymol without alteration in growth. Molecular docking analysis and in vitro measurement of metabolic intermediates of staphyloxanthin revealed that thymol could possibly interact with CrtM to inhibit staphyloxanthin.
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