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al miners in order to monitor the occupational eye health as well as the incidence and progression of eye diseases.
To report the etiologies, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of infectious keratitis (IK) at a major Vietnamese eye hospital.

This is a retrospective review of all cases of IK at Vietnam National Eye Hospital (VNEH) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Medical histories, demographics, clinical features, microbiological results, and treatment outcomes were reviewed.

IK was diagnosed in 1974 eyes of 1952 patients, with ocular trauma being the greatest risk factor for IK (34.2%), frequently resulting from an agriculture-related injury (53.3%). The mean duration between symptom onset and presentation to VNEH was 19.3±14.4d, and 98.7% of patients had been treated with topical antibiotic and/or antifungal agents prior to evaluation at VNEH. Based on smear results of 1706 samples, the most common organisms identified were bacteria (
=1107, 64.9%) and fungi (
=1092, 64.0%), with identification of both bacteria and fungi in 614 (36.0%) eyes. Fifty-five of 374 bacterial cultures (14.7%) and 426 of 838 fungal cultures (50.8%)e placed on the development of prevention and treatment programs for IK in Vietnam.
To report 4 cases of
(
) species complex infection with diverse ophthalmic manifestations, and to review the literature to examine pathobiology of disease, classical ophthalmic presentations and outcomes, and treatment modalities for this emerging pathogen.

Cases of
meningoencephalitis with ophthalmic manifestations were identified
chart review at two institutions in Australia and one institution in the mid-west region of the United States and are reported as a case series. Additionally, a MEDLINE literature review was conducted to identify all reported cases of
with ophthalmic manifestations from 1990-2020. Cases were reviewed and tabulated, together with our series of patients, in this report.

Four cases of
with ophthalmic manifestations are presented; three from Australia and one from the USA. A literature review identified a total of 331 cases of
with visual sequelae. The majority of cases occurred in immunocompetent individuals. SRT2104 cell line Blurred vision and diplopia were the most common pr of visual symptoms at time of diagnosis is recommended.
Permanent visual loss represents a devastating yet potentially preventable sequelae of C. gattii infection. Intracranial hypertension needs to be recognised early and aggressively managed. Referral to an ophthalmologist/neuro-ophthalmologist in all cases of cryptococcal infection independent of visual symptoms at time of diagnosis is recommended.
To explore the efficacy of the orthokeratology lens for anisometropic myopia progression.

A retrospective study was performed. Cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) were collected from 50 children (10.52±1.72y) who visited Peking University Third Hospital from July 2015 to August 2020. These children's one eyes (Group A) received monocular orthokeratology lenses at first, after different durations (12.20±6.94mo), their contralateral eyes (Group B) developed myopia and receive orthokeratology as well. The data in 1-year of binocular period were recorded. AL growth rate (difference of follow-up and baseline per month) were compared between two groups by paired
test. Interocular differences of AL were compared by Wilcoxon test.

During monocular period, the AL growth rate of the Group A (0.008±0.022 mm/mo) was significantly slower than that of the Group B (0.038±0.018 mm/mo;
<0.0001). However, during binocular period, the AL growth rate of the Group A (0.026±0.014 mm/mo) was significantly faster than that of the Group B (0.016±0.015 mm/mo;
<0.0001). The AL difference between both eyes was 0.6 (0.46) mm, then significantly decreased to 0.22 (0.39) mm when started binocular treatment (
<0.0001). However, it was significantly increased to 0.30 (0.32) mm after a year (
<0.0001), but still significantly lower than baseline (
<0.0001).

The orthokeratology lens is efficient for control the AL elongation of monocular myopia eyes and reduce anisometropia. For the condition that the contralateral eyes develop myopia and receive orthokeratology lens later, there is no efficiency observed on control interocular difference of AL during binocular treatment.
The orthokeratology lens is efficient for control the AL elongation of monocular myopia eyes and reduce anisometropia. For the condition that the contralateral eyes develop myopia and receive orthokeratology lens later, there is no efficiency observed on control interocular difference of AL during binocular treatment.
To evaluate foveal vessel density (VD) and foveal thickness using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) children treated with laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between foveal microvascular anomalies and different therapies in ROP children.

This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of type 1 ROP. Twenty-three eyes (14 patients) treated with anti-VEGF injection and twenty-nine eyes (17 patients) treated with laser coagulation were included in this study. The foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were measured at the central 0°, 2° to 8°, and 8° of the retina (centered on the fovea) using OCTA and cross-sectional OCT, respectively.

Foveal VD, inner thickness and full thickness were significantly smaller within the central 8° of the retina in ROP children treated with anti-VEGF injection than in those treated with laser photocoagulation (
=0.013, 0.009, 0.036, respectively). The full thickness was also smaller in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group at the central 0° of the retina (
=0.010). The grade of foveal hypoplasia is lower in the anti-VEGF group than in the laser group (
=0.045). Multivariable analysis did not find any risk factors associated with visual acuity in our study.

In children with type 1 ROP, the better structural development of fovea in those who were treated with anti-VEGF injection compared with laser photocoagulation are identified. However, visual acuity outcomes are similar 70mo after the treatments.
In children with type 1 ROP, the better structural development of fovea in those who were treated with anti-VEGF injection compared with laser photocoagulation are identified. However, visual acuity outcomes are similar 70mo after the treatments.
To evaluate the macular microvasculature before and after surgery for idiopathic macular hole (MH) and the association of preoperative vascular parameters with postoperative recovery of visual acuity and configuration.

Twenty eyes from 20 patients with idiopathic MH were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained before, 2wk, 1, and 3mo after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Preoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter and regional vessel density (VD) in both layers were compared according to the 3-month best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

The BCVA improved from 0.98±0.59 (logMAR, Snellen 20/200) preoperatively to 0.30±0.25 (Snellen 20/40) at 3mo postoperatively. The preoperative deep VD was smaller and the FAZ perimeter was larger in the 3-month BCVA<20/32 group (all
<0.05). A significant reduction was observed in FAZ parameters and all VDs 2wk postoperatively. Except for deep perifoveal VD, all VDs recovered only to their preoperative values. The postoperative FAZ parameters were lower during follow-up. Decreases in preoperative deep VDs were correlated with worse postoperative BCVA (Pearson's
=-0.667 and -0.619, respectively). A larger FAZ perimeter (Spearman's
=-0.524) and a lower deep perifoveal VD preoperatively (Pearson's
=0.486) were associated with lower healing stage.

The status of the deep vasculature may be an indicator of visual acuity in patients with a closed MH. Except for the deep perifoveal region, VD recovers only to preoperative levels.
The status of the deep vasculature may be an indicator of visual acuity in patients with a closed MH. Except for the deep perifoveal region, VD recovers only to preoperative levels.
To evaluate differences in microparticle profiles in vitreous samples between diabetic and non-diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy.

Un-masked cross-sectional series of 34 eyes undergoing vitrectomy. Vitreous specimens were collected and processed to evaluate for membrane integrity (DAPI), apoptosis (Annexin-V), and endothelial-cell origin (V-Cadherin). A BD LSR II flow cytometer was used for analysis and standardized sub-micron-sized beads were used for size comparison.

Thirty-four specimens underwent analysis. Greater levels of Annexin-V were found on microparticles from specimens in which blood had entered the vitreous (
=12) compared to those without blood (
=22; 52.3%±30.7%
19.6%±27.2%,
=0.002). Patients with diabetes having surgery with hemorrhage (
=7) had greater expression of Annexin-V than those without hemorrhage (
=8; 62.1%±31.7%
18.9%±20.9%,
=0.009). However, in patients with non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, the level of Annexin-V expression was not significantly different comther investigation is warranted in order to identify the molecular characteristics of microparticles that regulate disease.
To investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcomes of corneal epithelial defects (CED) following vitreoretinal surgery in a prospective study setting.

This was a post-hoc analysis of all participants in DISCOVER intraoperative optical coherence tomography study. Subjects with CED 1d after surgery without intraoperative corneal debridement was defined as the postoperative CED group. Subjects who underwent intraoperative debridement were defined as intraoperative debridement group. Eyes were matched 21 with controls (eyes without postoperative CED) for comparative assessment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of CED on postoperative day one and the incidence of required intraoperative debridement. Secondary outcomes included time to defect closure, delayed healing (>2wk), visual acuity (VA) and presence of scarring at one year and cornea consult.

This study included 856 eyes that underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Intraoperative corneal debridement was performed to 61 (7.1%) closure is associated with a greater risk of corneal scarring at one year. The overall rate of corneal scarring following vitrectomy is low at less then 2%.
To determine the prevalence of focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect among patients with pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) in the absence of peripapillary retinoschisis.

This retrospective, cross-sectional study comprised of 180 patients with PDS, including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), central serous chorioretinopathy, and pachychoroidal neovasculopathy. Medical records and optic nerve head evaluations conducted using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging were reviewed. As a control group, 236 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation for vitreous floaters, without obvious ocular disease, were also included.

The mean age of the PDS group, which included 118 male patients (65.6%), was 57.4±11.1y. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (
=0.710) or sex (
=0.248). Six patients (3.3%) in the PDS group and none in the control group showed focal LC defect (
=0.318). Among the six patients with focal LC defect in the PDS group, four eyes had PCV, one eye was the fellow eye of a PCV eye, and one eye had pachychoroidal neovasculopathy.
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