Notes

Come tissue depiction: OMICS strengthening statistics.
This research examined solid waste management on First Nations communities in western Canada to provide information and insight into programs, practices, policies, and activities, as well as to help bridge an identified gap related to these in the literature. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, we examined twelve First Nations communities in Canada's western provinces, which relative to other communities, had 'advanced' solid waste management systems in place. Interviews conducted in each of the communities yielded information on six themes grounded in the data, including solid waste facilities and infrastructure, solid waste programs, local capacity, provincial stewardship programs, regulation and enforcement, and funding/finance. Our analysis show that majority of the communities examined are advancing their waste management systems and now have infrastructure/facilities, such as transfer stations and recycling depots, and have implemented recycling programs, which they previously did not have. As well, we learned that implementing such programs has reduced practices, such as open dumping, which the literature highlights as a common way of managing waste in First Nations communities. Most of the communities attributed the success of their programs to regular residential curbside pickups, ability to transport waste out of the community, and community involvement and interest in programs. Despite these improvements, inadequate funding hampers the efforts of communities to sustain and/or expand their programs and maintain facilities. Additionally, most communities face challenges partnering with provincial stewardship programs, and some communities are not clear whether they even qualify to participate in these programs.Anaerobic digestion of organic residues has the potential to significantly contribute to a shift from fossil to renewable energy, while the remaining biogas digestate need to be treated or used for a second time. In this study, the pig manure biogas digestate (PMBD) was evaluated as a potential part of seedling substrates and composting was considered a pretreating method to improve its characters. Composting was carried out firstly in a forced aeration composting system (100 L), in which perlite and sawdust were used as additives in different proportions separately or together. Based on the comparison of the physicochemical characters of different seedling substrates formulas mixed with PMBD or pig manure biogas digestate pretreated by composting (CPMBD), selected seedling substrates were analyzed by bioassay experiment. The results showed that pretreatment by composting and the additives (perlite and sawdust) used in composting decreased the pH value of PMBD and make it suitable for seedling substrates, especially composted with perlite and sawdust. Both PMBD and CPMBD with low proportion in the substrates improved plant growth of lettuce and tomato, while CPMBD was better than PMBD. However, when the proportions of PMBD was increased more than 20% and CPMBD was increased more than 40%, plant growth inhibition was observed. Tomato was more sensitive than lettuce to the physicochemical characters of the substrate. In summary, PMBD pretreated by composting not only increases the uses of digestate, but also enhances plant growth and hence yield.Paper mill sludge (PMS) raises critical environmental issues due to its disposal problem, but its high sugar content and well-dispersed structure make it a great feedstock for biochemical production. The technical feasibility of integrating cellulase enzyme production into lactic acid (LA) fermentation from PMS was investigated in this study. The low ash content of PMS suggests a great potential for cellulase production. The enzyme produced using PMS without any treatment gave an activity of 7.8 FPU/ml, a performance comparable to the commercial enzyme, Cellic CTec 2. The LA yield from PMS with in-house enzyme was 64.7% and 73.7% at the enzyme loading of 10 and 15 FPU/g-glucan, respectively. The LA obtained was optically pure L- isomer with over 99% purity. The optimal condition of LA production by Bacillus coagulans was found to be 50 °C and pH 5.3 (with 50 g/L CaCO3). The nutrient effect of yeast extract (YE) and corn steep liquor (CSL) was substrate dependent, and CSL could substitute YE as an inexpensive nutrient when using PMS as a substrate.A cell's phenotype is the culmination of several cellular processes through a complex network of molecular interactions that ultimately result in a unique morphological signature. Visual cell phenotyping is the characterization and quantification of these observable cellular traits in images. Recently, cellular phenotyping has undergone a massive overhaul in terms of scale, resolution, and throughput, which is attributable to advances across electronic, optical, and chemical technologies for imaging cells. Coupled with the rapid acceleration of deep learning-based computational tools, these advances have opened up new avenues for innovation across a wide variety of high-throughput cell biology applications. Here, we review applications wherein deep learning is powering the recognition, profiling, and prediction of visual phenotypes to answer important biological questions. ATM inhibitor As the complexity and scale of imaging assays increase, deep learning offers computational solutions to elucidate the details of previously unexplored cellular phenotypes.Prism adaptation (PA) is used to investigate visuo-motor plasticity and to rehabilitate the syndrome of Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN). After PA, participants show aftereffects (AEs), contralateral to the side of the optical displacement in several tasks. This study explored the features of these AEs, specifically the "egocentric" versus "allocentric, object-based", reference frames involved, and their time course. In three experiments, healthy participants adapted to prismatic lenses inducing a horizontal displacement of the visual field. In Experiment #1, participants adapted to rightward displacing prisms. Four tasks were used requiring repeated pointings towards the participant's subjective egocentric straight-ahead, with the availability of proprioceptive or visual-proprioceptive signals, and, in some conditions, of an external allocentric visual frame (i.e., a rectangular paper sheet). Experiment #2 explored the role of the position of the allocentric frame, with AEs being tested by straight-ahead and frame bisection tasks, requiring pointing toward the external visual frame, placed in different positions of the working space.
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