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feeding tubes. Our results need further validation for biocompatibility and mechanical characterization to optimize use in gut expansion.
IES is a versatile platform for gaining length in SGS, which may be simply deployed via feeding tubes. Our results need further validation for biocompatibility and mechanical characterization to optimize use in gut expansion.Escherichia coli is the daily workhorse in molecular biology research labs and an important platform microorganism in white biotechnology. Its cytoplasmic membrane is primarily composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL). As in most other bacteria, the typical eukaryotic phosphatidylcholine (PC) is not a regular component of the E. coli membrane. PC is known to act as a substrate in various metabolic or catabolic reactions, to affect protein folding and membrane insertion, and to activate proteins that originate from eukaryotic environments. Options to manipulate the E. coli membrane to include non-native lipids such as PC might make it an even more powerful and versatile tool for biotechnology and protein biochemistry. This article outlines different strategies how E. coli can be engineered to produce PC and other methylated PE derivatives. Several of these approaches rely on the ectopic expression of genes from natural PC-producing organisms. These include PC synthases, lysolipid acyltransferases, and several phospholipid N-methyltransferases with diverse substrate and product preferences. In addition, we show that E. coli has the capacity to produce PC by its own enzyme repertoire provided that appropriate precursors are supplied. Screening of the E. coli Keio knockout collection revealed the lysophospholipid transporter LplT to be responsible for the uptake of lyso-PC, which is then further acylated to PC by the acyltransferase-acyl carrier protein synthetase Aas. Overall, our study shows that the membrane composition of the most routinely used model bacterium can readily be tailored on demand.Key points• Escherichia coli can be engineered to produce non-native methylated PE derivatives.• These lipids can be produced by foreign and endogenous proteins.• Modification of E. coli membrane offers potential for biotechnology and research.Combining studies of animal visual systems with exact imaging of their visual environment can get us a step closer to understand how animals see their "Umwelt". Here, we have combined both methods to better understand how males of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, see the surroundings of their perches. These males are well known to sit and wait for a chance to mate with a passing females, in sunspot territories in European forests. We provide a detailed description of the males' body and head posture, viewing direction, visual field and spatial resolution, as well as the visual environment. Pararge aegeria has sexually dimorphic eyes, the smallest interommatidial angles of males are around 1°, those of females 1.5°. Perching males face the antisolar direction with their retinal region of the highest resolution pointing at an angle of about 45° above the horizon; thus, looking at a rather even and dark background in front of which they likely have the best chance to detect a sunlit female passing through the sunspot.
This review aims to summarize the evidence for the role of mechanotherapies and rehabilitation in supporting the synergy between regeneration and repair after an orthobiologic intervention.

A selective literature search was performed using Web of Science, OVID, and PubMed to review research articles that discuss the effects of combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine.

Various mechanotherapies can encourage the healing process for patients at different stages. Taping, bracing, cold water immersion, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy can be used throughout the duration of acute inflammatory response. The regulation of angiogenesis can be sustained with blood flow restriction and resistance training, whereas heat therapy and tissue loading during exercise are recommended in the remodeling phase.

Combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine has shown promise for improving treatment outcomes. However, further studies that reveal a greater volume of evidence are needed to support clinical decisions.
Combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine has shown promise for improving treatment outcomes. However, further studies that reveal a greater volume of evidence are needed to support clinical decisions.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral part of basic emergency medical diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. In cases of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) immediate treatment is mandatory after correlation of ischemic symptoms with the ECG pattern. However, there are also ECG patterns that can imitate STEMI, possibly resulting in the true underlying diagnosis being missed and inappropriate therapy being initiated.

This paper provides an overview of the most important diagnoses that can imitate STEMI on ECG.

Aliterature search was carried out to determine the most important differential diagnoses of ST elevation on ECG. learn more These STEMI mimics are discussed in detail and their relevance for emergency medicine is explained.

This article provides an overview of differential diagnoses that should be known in emergency medicine when assessing an ECG with ST elevations.

Good knowledge of the ECG patterns presented here can support decision-making in emergency medicine.
Good knowledge of the ECG patterns presented here can support decision-making in emergency medicine.
Fast access to information from other healthcare service providers is particularly important in emergency medicine, as the patients are often unknown and treatment decisions have to be made promptly.

The study aims to identify the challenges that emergency departments face in obtaining information on patient history, the expected benefits of easier access to information and which information is most urgently needed.

An online survey throughout Germany was carried out among medical staff working in emergency departments. In all, 181 questionnaires were fully completed and could be included in the data analysis.

Of the respondents, 77.9% said it was difficult or very difficult to receive external data at the point of patient care. The survey participants estimate that they need an average of around 47 min to obtain information about one patient. 99.4% believe that patient care would benefit from an easier and faster information exchange. Medication lists, discharge letters, information on previous illnesses and allergies were classified as the most important data elements.

There is an urgent need for action with regard to the considerable effort involved in obtaining information on emergency patients. Digital solutions such as the recently introduced emergency data set can offer additional value for clinical emergency care if they are widely used.
There is an urgent need for action with regard to the considerable effort involved in obtaining information on emergency patients. Digital solutions such as the recently introduced emergency data set can offer additional value for clinical emergency care if they are widely used.
In Germany there is currently no health reporting on cross-sectoral care patterns in the context of an emergency department care treatment. The INDEED project (Utilization and trans-sectoral patterns of care for patients admitted to emergency departments in Germany) collects routine data from 16emergency departments, which are later merged with outpatient billing data from 2014 to 2017 on an individual level.

The methodological challenges in planning of the internal merging of routine clinical and administrative data from emergency departments in Germany up to the final data extraction are presented together with possible solution approaches.

Data were selected in an iterative process according to the research questions, medical relevance, and assumed data availability. After apreparatory phase to clarify formalities (including data protection, ethics), review test data and correct if necessary, the encrypted and pseudonymous data extraction was performed.

Data from the 16cooperating emergency departments came mostly from the emergency department and hospital information systems. There was considerable heterogeneity in the data. Not all variables were available in every emergency department because, for example, they were not standardized and digitally available or the extraction effort was judged to be too high.

Relevant data from emergency departments are stored in different structures and in several IT systems. Thus, the creation of aharmonized data set requires considerable resources on the part of the hospital as well as the data processing unit. This needs to be generously calculated for future projects.
Relevant data from emergency departments are stored in different structures and in several IT systems. Thus, the creation of a harmonized data set requires considerable resources on the part of the hospital as well as the data processing unit. This needs to be generously calculated for future projects.
We aimed to assess whether general practices (GPs) using an electronic disease management program (DMP) with population overviews, including alerts when patients failed to receive guideline-recommended prescription medications, increased prescriptions of lipid-lowering drugs for patients with type 2 diabetes with no history of lipid-lowering treatment.

This observational study included 165 GPs that reached a high level of use of the DMP in 2012 and a control group of 135 GPs who reached a high level of use in 2013 and, hence, who were less exposed to the DMP throughout 2012. A binary measure for having been prescribed and filled lipid-lowering drugs at any time within a 12-month exposure period was derived for all patients with type 2 diabetes who did not receive a prescription for lipid-lowering drugs in the baseline year prior to the study period (i.e. 2011). Results were derived using ORs from multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subgroup stratification based on age, sex, diabetes duration, depriients (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.08, 1.45]) and patients without comorbidities (CCI score = 0; OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.11, 1.45]).

Access to population overviews using a DMP with alerts of clinical performance measures with regard to adhering to guideline-recommended prescription of medications can increase GP prescriptions of lipid-lowering drugs.
Access to population overviews using a DMP with alerts of clinical performance measures with regard to adhering to guideline-recommended prescription of medications can increase GP prescriptions of lipid-lowering drugs.
We aimed to study the association between the availability of exercise facilities and the likelihood of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the adult population of Madrid, Spain.

We analysed the electronic medical records of all 1,270,512 residents of Madrid aged 40-75years in 2017. Exercise facility availability was defined as the count of exercise facilities in a 1000m street network buffer around each residential building entrance. Poisson regression with standard errors clustered at census tract level was used to assess prevalence ratios of exercise facility availability tertiles and obesity and type 2 diabetes. We also examined stratified results by tertiles of area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and sex.

People living in areas with lower availability of exercise facilities had a higher prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.20, 1.25]) and diabetes (PR 1.38 [95% CI 1.34, 1.43]). We observed effect modification by area-level SES (p<0.001), with stronger associations for residents living in low-SES areas and no association for residents living in high-SES areas.
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