Notes

Multifocal Meningiomas Mimicking Metastasis on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT.
The UN has described the health, social and economic consequences of Covid-19 as a global crisis unlike any other encountered in its history. Although a pandemic of this nature was not unforeseeable, its arrival seems to have caught the world off guard, hurling us into a state of partly haphazard disaster mitigation. It has shed sharper light on the failure of global health in its current form to tackle acute and systemic challenges in a rapidly changing world, and the unequal patterns in society that leave us vulnerable. This commentary argues that, despite its devastating effects, the Covid-19 pandemic can be a longer-term positively transformative event for global health. However, this will require going beyond the development of more effective plans for health emergency preparedness, to confront the crisis in global health governance and leadership, and rethink the roles of key actors involved in world health. It ultimately calls us back to the very concept of 'global health' the values it should encompass, what we should expect from it and how we might envisage reshaping or 'co-creating' it for the future.This study explores the ways Thai transgender women are affected by internalized, perceived, vicarious and enacted stigma. Participants were eleven Thai transgender women living with HIV, who were asked about experiences of stigma in their daily lives. Various forms of verbal, psychological and physical harassment were reported. Internalized stigma and stigma within the transgender community itself were significant. Participants tended not to blame their family members or others in their social structure for their experiences of stigma. They tended to see the solution to tackle the problem of stigma mainly in changes in the behavior of transgender women themselves. learn more suggests that transgender people themselves should better understand how the structure, culture and institutions of mainstream society instill, reinforce and perpetuate stigma against, within and among them. There is a need for advocacy directed toward manifesting societal emancipation of Thai transgender people-starting with legal reform.The purpose of this study was to examine the association between exposure to indoor SHS and self-reported HRQoL among healthy non-smoking students at the University of Belgrade, Serbia and Kosovska Mitrovica located in the post-conflict Kosovo province. Students who presented at Student Public Health Center in Belgrade in 2009 and Kosovska Mitrovica in 2015 for mandatory health checks were invited to participate. Data were collected using socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire, health-related quality of life questionnaire Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). #link# A total of 82.3% students in Belgrade sample and 76.0% in Kosovska Mitrovica sample reported daily exposure to indoor SHS. After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and behavior, daily exposure to indoor SHS for more than 6 hours was associated with poorer Vitality (β = -5.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.49, -1.61) and Mental Health (β = 5.00, 95% CI-8.94, -1.07) only among students at the University of Belgrade. This study showed that the association between longer daily indoor SHS exposure and poor mental health HRQoL was not consistent in non-conflict and post-conflict setting. This association was not found in a post-conflict setting. link2 Strict no smoking policies are needed in student housing, university campuses and all public spaces.The re-release of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), from zoos into the wild, is considered to be an ex situ conservation success story. However, zoo-born golden lion tamarins have lower survival rates than their wild-born offspring, potentially due to deficient foraging and locomotion 'survival skills' acquired in captivity. link3 The current study aimed to evaluate whether a puzzle feeder suspended and baited with different items could promote increased foraging and general activity in tamarins living in a zoo setting. A pair of tamarins at Woodland Park Zoo received the puzzle feeder in three conditions in an ABCACB experimental reversal design over a period of three months an empty feeder and feeders baited with either fruit (raisins) or insects (mealworms). Food type affected behavior; time spent climbing increased when the feeder contained insects compared to fruit. Subjects interacted with the baited puzzle feeder device significantly more than the empty feeder, and use was highest within the first 30 minutes of exposure. Our results suggest that the puzzle feeders plus food were effective in increasing foraging and general activity.Globally, waste electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest-growing waste sectors. Mobile phones constitute the major portion of the telecommunication e-waste category. Over the years, waste mobile phones were considered as a potential source of secondary metals. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical composition of the discarded mobile phones and to evaluate its recovery potential. The printed circuit boards from the discarded (waste) mobile phones (MPCB) were collected and samples of different sizes 3 × 3 cm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 500 µm, and 150 µm were obtained after milling and sieving. Elemental composition revealed the presence of base metals, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Pb, in higher quantities with a significant amount of precious metals Au and Ag. Amount of base metals present in different MPCB size fractions was found in the order 3 × 3 cm > 2 mm > 1 mm > 500 µm >150 µm. The amount of precious metals like Ag and Au was found to be higher in large-sized MPCB fractions. FTIR studies declaious metals. The amount of precious metals like Ag and Au was also found in higher ranges in large-sized MPCB fractions, which elucidated fact to be considered in the pre-treatment process for metal recoveries. The high content of base and precious metals in waste mobile phones displayed their economic potential in the market. This new source may compensate for the escalating global demand for gold and silver. Results from the study indicated that MPCBs can serve as an excellent secondary source for various metals and as an efficient alternative fuel.Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder that is not limited to experiencing seizures but also includes multiple neuropsychiatric squeal (i.e. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and anxiety) that adversely impact a child quality of life. However, the underlying mechanism linking both disorders is not yet thoroughly explored. Our objective was to assess pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in children with seizure controlled epilepsy and explore the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the co-occurrence of ADHD in such children. A cross-sectional study included 50 children with controlled epilepsy for at least one year, in addition to 30 neurotypical children as controls. All children were assessed by the Conner parent scale for ADHD. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured and correlated to clinical data. In the present study, 23 out of 50 children with epilepsy also had ADHD (46%). Children with ADHD have been found to have a significantly lower age of onset, longer duration of epilepsy, and a higher serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α than those without ADHD. The Conner's parent rating scale overall total score yielded significant negative correlations with the age of onset of epilepsy and a significant positive correlation with the duration of epilepsy and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition to active seizures, the presence of elevated circulating inflammation markers may be associated with increased frequency of ADHD in children with epilepsy aged 6-14 years.
Management of a patient with chronic disorders of consciousness is a long-term and stressful situation for family caregivers.

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of family caregivers of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness.

Purposeful sampling was used, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews at participants' homes. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results indicated that family caregivers of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness face many difficulties in providing care to vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) patients; they experience it as a challenging type of care, which influences their mental health.

Family caregivers are faced with many challenges because of the high burden of care, round-the-clock concern, taking care of an alive but unresponsive patient without receiving enough support. They experience mental and inner turmoil because of social isolation and dealing with contradictory feelings in their daily life.
Family caregivers are faced with many challenges because of the high burden of care, round-the-clock concern, taking care of an alive but unresponsive patient without receiving enough support. They experience mental and inner turmoil because of social isolation and dealing with contradictory feelings in their daily life.The role of death and dying can play a central role in illness and in health care, and yet the reality of death in making sense of illness is often overlooked. Guided by the philosophy of Martin Heidegger (1962) and the works of Viktor Frankl (1959), this article, which is part of a larger study (Quinn, 2018), reveals the presence of death in the lives of people trying to make sense of having cancer. This article demonstrates that facing up to death is a core part of the personal experience of living with cancer for many people. Amid the diagnosis and the uncertainty it brought, the reality of death is never far away. While the 15 participants who took part in this study in 2015 wanted to survive, some acknowledged that death was very close. Paying attention to the presence of death in these personal stories may help improve the support healthcare professionals give to those living with advanced disease.
End-of-life care is high on policy and political agendas in the UK and internationally. Nurses are at the forefront of this, caring for dying patients, 'managing' the dead body, and dealing with the corporeal, emotional and relational dimensions of death. Little is known about nurses' prior or early professional experiences of and reactions to death, dying and the corpse and how these might influence practice.

To appraise the international literature on nurses' early experiences of death, dying and the dead body, to better understand how these might influence subsequent practice, and how this might inform our teaching of death, dying and last offices.

A scoping review was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications between, 2000 and 2019, which included nurses working in hospital, care homes and the community. Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases were searched and 23 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were read. Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) five-stage approach was adopted to scope the relevanstanding of what constitutes a 'good' death, and high-quality mentorship and support were of particular importance.
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