Notes

Human Estrogen Receptor α Antagonists. Part One particular: 3-D QSAR-Driven Realistic Design of Progressive Coumarin-Related Antiestrogens while Cancer of the breast Suppressors by means of Structure-Based as well as Ligand-Based Reports.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of surgical resection of idiopathic laryngeal contact granuloma on the follow-up treatment. MethodsFrom April 2014 to December 2019, the clinical data of 390 male patients with idiopathic laryngeal granuloma treated were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into the group with history of surgical resection （172 patients） and the group without surgical resection history （218 patients）, and then both received the combined therapy. The treatment efficacy of the two groups were compared. ResultsBy the end of 6 months after beginning the combined therapy, the total efficacy rate of the patients with a history of surgery was 71.5%（123/172）, and that in patients without a history of surgery was 97.7% （213/218）. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant（Z=-7.828, P=0.0001）. Among the cured patients, the cure time of patients without the surgery history was shorter than patients with surgery history（Z=-4.441, P=0.0001）. ConclusionSurgical treatment of laryngeal contact granuloma increases the difficulty of follow-up treatment, so surgical treatment is not recommended for newly diagnosed patients with laryngeal contact granuloma.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to check whether histopathological differences exist between the nasal side and the sinus side of uncinate process of chronic rhinosinusitis and the histopathological basis of nasal polyp was discussed. MethodsThe uncinate processes of chronic rhinosinusitis and control subjects were enrolled from October 2016 to April 2017. The following histopathological data were assessed height of basement membrane, the proportion of glands in the sub-epithelium, the numbers of goblet cells and inflammatory cells. ResultsA total of 116 patients were recruited, including 38 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP）, 58 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps（CRSsNP） and 20 controls. There was no significant difference between age and gender distribution（P>0.05）. The basement membrane was significantly thinner on the sinus side of the 3 groups' uncinate processes than on the nasal side except CRSwNP group（P less then 0.05）. The basement membrane of CRSwNP and CRSsNP was significawhich may be related to the thickening of basement membrane, the increase of inflammatory cells and gland area, and the decrease of goblet cells.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to understand the epidemiological characteristics of tinnitus among flight support personnel and analyze its audiological characteristics and related risk factors. MethodsThe information of tinnitus was collected by a method of cross-sectional investigation using questionnaire survey and audiology test among the flight support personnel of two stations of PLA air force. ResultsThe incidence of tinnitus among 666 subjects included was 24.2%, the THI grade was mainly grade 1 and grade 2. There were differences in THI scores among groups with different working years, but only differences in tinnitus incidence among groups with different frequency of hearing loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade of high frequency hearing loss（OR=1.39）, conscious hearing loss（OR=1.79） and frequency of asking others to repeat words（OR=1.64） were independent risk factors of tinnitus. The incidence of HF-HL and EHF-HL in ears with tinnitus among 0-5 working years was higher than that without tinnitus, while the incidence of EHF-HL in ears with tinnitus was not different from that without tinnitus among 6-10 and >10 working years. There was moderate correlation between THI scores and SAS standard scores（r=0.759）, and weak correlation between THI scores and PSQI scores（r=0.445）. ConclusionThe risk of tinnitus in high-frequency hearing loss and recessive hearing loss is increased; working years can affect the severity of tinnitus, while hearing conditions at different frequencies only affect the incidence of tinnitus; with increasing age, noise exposure plays a role in the occurrence of tinnitus decreasing gradually.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the changes and correlation of tinnitus and depression in adult patients with severe deafness after cochlear implantation. MethodsA total of 166 adult patients who underwent cochlear implantation（CI） were retrospectively selected as the research objects. All patients were investigated by Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory（THI-C） and Chinese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ（BDI-Ⅱ-C） before and after operation, and the improvement of tinnitus after operation was observed THI-C and BDI-Ⅱ-C scores before and after operation and the correlation between them. ResultsRe-examination at 6 months after CI showed that the evaluation grade of tinnitus disability before and after the operation decreased significantly（Z=-9.478, P less then 0.001）, and the THI-C score （t=69.128, P less then 0.001）, and BDI-Ⅱ-C score （t=58.531，P less then 0.01）were significantly reduced. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between THI-C and BDI-Ⅱ-C scores before and after operation, aswell as the improvement of THI-C score and BDI-Ⅱ-C score（rpreoperative=0.763, rpostoperative=0.741, rdifference=0.741, all P less then 0.001）. ConclusionCochlear implantation can significantly improve tinnitus and depression in adult patients with sensorineural hearing loss. With the improvement of tinnitus, the depressive state of patients can be alleviated accordingly.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the anatomy and surgical approach of retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy via endoscopic transoral approach. MethodsThe retropharyngeal spaces were studied with three fresh frozen cadaver head （6 sides） in the anatomical laboratory of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University through endoscopic transoral approach. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, tendon of tensor veli palatini muscle, fat of prestyloid space, ascending palatine artery and its branches, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus, stylohyoideus, external carotid artery, levator veli palatini, carotid sheath, ascending pharyngeal artery and longus capitis muscle were revealed in order. The above-mentioned structures were photographed with a 0° Karl Storz nasal endoscope and adjacent relationships were recorded. A case of metastatic retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy was reviewed and the surgical methods and techniques of retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy via endoscopic transoral approach were introduced in detail. click here ResultsThe retropharyngeal space and related anatomical structures were exposed through endoscopic transoral approach in all specimens. The styloglossus, stylopharyngius and levator veli palatini are the markers of locating the internal carotid artery. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, styloid muscle group, longus capitis muscle and carotid sheath are the markers that can be used to locate the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Ascending palatine artery, ascending pharyngeal artery and internal carotid artery are the main arteries involved in retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy via endoscopic transoral approach. ConclusionEndoscopic transoral approach is a new surgical technique to perform retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy safely and completely.Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Functional cure of CHB, defined as sustainable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance, is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, functional cure is rarely attainable by current treatment modalities. RNA interference (RNAi) by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) has been studied as a novel treatment strategy for CHB. RNAi targets post-transcriptional messenger RNAs and pregenomic RNAs to reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen production and viral replication. By reducing viral antigens, host immune reconstitution against HBV may also be attained. Phase I/II trials on siRNAs have demonstrated them to be safe and well-tolerated. siRNA is effective when given in monthly doses with different total number of doses according to different trial design, and can lead to sustainable dose-dependent mean HBsAg reduction by 2-2.5 log. Incidences of HBsAg seroclearance after siRNA therapy have also been reported. ASOs have also been studied in early phase trials, and a phase Ib study using frequent dosing regimen within 4 weeks could achieve similar HBsAg reduction of 2 log from baseline. Given the established efficacy and safety of nucleos(t) ide analogues (NAs), future RNAi regimens will likely include NA backbone. While the current evidence on RNAi appears promising, it remains undetermined whether the potent HBsAg reduction by RNAi can result in a high rate of HBsAg seroclearance with durability. Data on RNAi from phase IIb/III trials are keenly anticipated.
Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men.

In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium.

The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55).

Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
This study aimed to describe a distinct subpopulation of azoospermic patients with isolated elevation of follicle-stimulating hormone (iFSH) and poor outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE).

A retrospective analysis of microTESE outcomes was conducted among 565 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Testicular pathology was assessed by the dominant histological pattern and Bergmann-Kliesch score (BKS). Descriptive statistics were presented for the iFSH subgroup. Inhibin B levels, the sperm retrieval rate (SRR), and BKS were compared in iFSH patients and other NOA patients.

The overall SRR was 33.3% per microTESE attempt. The median BKS was 0.6 (interquartile range, 0-2). Of all NOA patients, 132 had iFSH, and microTESE was successful only in 11 of those cases, with an SRR of 8.3%, while the total SRR in other NOA patients was 38.1% (p<0.001). iFSH had a sensitivity of 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.4%-36.8%) and specificity of 94.1% (95% CI, 90.8-97.5%) as a predictor of negative microTESE outcomes.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html