Notes

Treatments for High-Grade Vascular disease and also Concomitant Glanzmann Thrombasthenia.
Further research is needed to i) establish the long-term effectiveness of TRE in weight loss and metabolic health, ii) improve the long-term adherence to ADF and investigate its weight loss independent effects in metabolic health, and iii) determine the mechanisms underlying the potential cardiometabolic benefits of intermittent fasting in humans.
Intermittent fasting is a promising nutritional approach against obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Further research is needed to i) establish the long-term effectiveness of TRE in weight loss and metabolic health, ii) improve the long-term adherence to ADF and investigate its weight loss independent effects in metabolic health, and iii) determine the mechanisms underlying the potential cardiometabolic benefits of intermittent fasting in humans.
Hyperadiposity, as present in obesity, is a substantial threat to cancer risk and prognosis. Studies that have investigated the link between obesity and tumor progression have proposed several mechanistic frameworks, yet, these mechanisms are not fully defined. Further, a comprehensive understanding of how these various mechanisms may interact to create a dynamic disease state is lacking in the current literature.

Recent work has begun to explore not only discrete mechanisms by which obesity may promote tumor growth (for instance, metabolic and growth factor functions of insulin; inflammatory cytokines; adipokines; and others), but also how these putative tumor-promoting factors may interact.

This review will highlight the present understanding of obesity, as it relates to tumor development and progression. First, we will introduce the impact of obesity in cancer within the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which will serve as a theme to frame this review. The core of this review will discuss recently proposed mechanisms that implicate obesity in tumor progression, including chronic inflammation and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, hormones, and genetic approaches. Furthermore, we intend to offer current insight in targeting adipose tissue during the development of cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
This review will highlight the present understanding of obesity, as it relates to tumor development and progression. First, we will introduce the impact of obesity in cancer within the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which will serve as a theme to frame this review. The core of this review will discuss recently proposed mechanisms that implicate obesity in tumor progression, including chronic inflammation and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, hormones, and genetic approaches. Furthermore, we intend to offer current insight in targeting adipose tissue during the development of cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
High-protein intake is commonly recommended to help people manage body weight. However, high-protein intake could have adverse health consequences. Here we review the latest findings concerning the effect of high-protein intake on cardiometabolic health.

Calorie-reduced, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets lower plasma glucose in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, when carbohydrate intake is not markedly reduced, high-protein intake often does not alter plasma glucose and increases insulin and glucagon concentrations, which are risk factors for T2D and ischemic heart disease. High-protein intake does not alter plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations but promotes atherogenesis in animal models. The effect of high-protein intake on liver fat remains unclear. In population studies, high-protein intake is associated with increased risk for T2D, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and possibly cardiovascular diseases.

The relationship between protein intake and cardiometabolic health is complex and influenced by concomitant changes in body weight and overall diet composition. Although a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, reduced-energy diet can have beneficial effects on body weight and plasma glucose, habitual high-protein intake, without marked carbohydrate and energy restriction, is associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk, presumably mediated by the changes in the hormonal milieu after high-protein intake.
The relationship between protein intake and cardiometabolic health is complex and influenced by concomitant changes in body weight and overall diet composition. Although a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, reduced-energy diet can have beneficial effects on body weight and plasma glucose, habitual high-protein intake, without marked carbohydrate and energy restriction, is associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk, presumably mediated by the changes in the hormonal milieu after high-protein intake.
The article summarizes recent research advances on the role of gut microbiome in primary and secondary sarcopenia. This article also explores the potential contribution of gut dysbiosis to suboptimal sarcopenia management with special focus on factors contributing to gut dysbiosis among Asian Indians.

Aging and chronic diseases contribute to gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction allowing enhanced microbial translocation that may negatively affect muscle strength, physical function, and frailty. read more Gut microbiome of Asian Indians has shown a unique composition that is affected by multiple factors, such as socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, high rate of infection and infestations, antibiotic overuse and transition towards a westernized eating pattern. Current management approach for sarcopenia (exercise and/or protein supplementation) fails to address gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Incorporating a prebiotic or probiotic element to the intervention strategy may improve gut dysbiosis, inflammation and muscle function.

Gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction appear to be a significant limitation in sarcopenia management, thus gut centric intervention may be perceived as a (co)intervention strategy to be tested in appropriate clinical trials.
Gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction appear to be a significant limitation in sarcopenia management, thus gut centric intervention may be perceived as a (co)intervention strategy to be tested in appropriate clinical trials.
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