Notes

Connection Between 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism along with Tics right after Remedy together with Methylphenidate throughout Korean Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Problem.
Protection of maternity and child health is of great medical and social importance. Provision of medical care to women and children in Kazakhstan is the major task for state policy. Still, the data on epidemiological indicators of perinatal care in Kazakhstan are rather limited. This study was aimed at assessment of perinatal care indicators in Almaty, Kazakhstan Republic, over the period from 2013 to 2017. The data on demographic characteristics of study population were obtained from online platform of the Republican Center for Health Development. The analysis of perinatal indicators was carried-out on the basis of statistical reporting form No. 32. We relied on the standard statistical formulas to calculate epidemiological indicators. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS software, Version 17.0 for Windows. The crude birth rate over five years remained stable and was within the range of 25,975-26,289 per 1,000 population. The abortion rate constituted 2.018-2.272 per 1,000 population. The abortion raaimed at ensuring proper monitoring over maternity health indicators.The aim of the paper is to analyze the mechanism of compulsory licensing of medicines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological basis of the study encompasses the general and special methods of scientific inquiry (formal logical method, comparative law, structural-logical method, analysis and synthesis methods). The ways and possibilities of balancing the interests of rights-holders and society's interests (in particular patients' interests) have been studied. It is highlighted that compulsory licensing must be employed exclusively in view of the principle of proportionality, since any restrictions on human rights, including patent rights, must comply with the legislation in force and be proportionate to the potential threat. Comprehensive attention is paid to the interests of right holders (in our case, medicines manufacturers), their protection as well as the ways they abuse their patent rights. It is underlined that access to medicines and treatment is a prerequisite for the realization oct to such intellectual property objects as industrial samples and trade secrets (know-hows). It is also suggested that the procedure for issuing compulsory licenses be expedited by the government's decision under pandemic or epidemic conditions.Medical errors are an inevitable part of the professional activity of a medical worker they were, are and will be, no matter what technological advances are introduced into medicine. For years, experts have recognized that there are medical errors and that society will compromise. But the desire to reduce their number is a real aim that requires serious efforts from both the medical community and government agencies responsible for the country's health. The aim of literature review was to analyze publications devoted to the study of the current state of methods of organizing and managing medical errors in Kazakhstan and some foreign countries. Analyzed full-text publications in English and Russian languages, which were devoted to the study of the prevalence and management of medical errors in Kazakhstan and abroad. According to the literature, there is an active medical and social policy aimed at organizing medical safety and improving the quality of life of patients, which is based on a set of measures of a socio-economic, legal and medical-organizational nature. A legislative and regulatory framework has been created and is being improved, including a number of laws, decrees, orders, standards of ministries and departments. Despite the above, the practice of managing and controlling medical errors as one of the mechanisms of medical safety is not well understood. Molibresib molecular weight Thus, all these issues remain relevant in general for world medical practice and initiate research in the interdisciplinary field of medical sciences and jurisprudence.This article shows the isolated and combined effects of pesticides on animals. It is known that depending on the dose and duration of exposure to various xenobiotics, the same substances, different effects can occur in the body. At the same time, the main types of combined action include the effects of summation or additive action, potentiation or synergism, as well as antagonism. From here, there may be direct or indirect disorders in humans and animals. Of great interest is the neurotoxic effect of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, a representative of which is sumi-alpha. They have been shown to have low toxicity, but have severe neurotoxic symptoms when accumulated in the nervous system. Nicotine is one of the main toxic components of tobacco (tobacco dust). The influence of chlorinated tenoxtitlan, which include herbicide lontrel on the organism of warm-blooded animals and humans are not yet fully understood. The study found that when intoxicated with herbicides of this group, there is a decrease in the level of metabolic processes, a violation of the functions of the endocrine glands (primarily the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland) and the nervous system. Taking into account the above, and also taking into account the lack of information about the effect of a complex of pesticides on the adaptive function of the body, this study showed that in the case of combined poisoning of animals, additivity took place.The aim of the study was to compare Georgian PAH mutation spectrum to the most frequent European mutations. Population study publications were reviewed and 20 most frequent European PAH mutations were determined. Mutations were detected in 40 Georgian PKU patients using Sanger sequencing. PAH mutations were detected on all 80 alleles, clinical diagnose of PKU was confirmed in all 40 patients. Detected mutations in Georgian population was P281L in 37.5%, IVS10-11G>A in 17.5%, R261X in 10%, L48S in 8.75%, E280K in 5%, R270K in 3.75%, E390G in 3.75% and mutations R252W, IVS12+1G>A, R243Q, R261Q, 1089delG, Y387H, EX5del, IVS7-5T>C, IVS12+1G>A, G171R, IVS2+5G>C each in 1.25%. Study revealed that the most common Georgian PAH mutations spectrum differs from the European one. 9 out of 18 detected mutations coincide with the European panel. At the same time more than half (55%) of the mutations found in Georgians were not identified as the most common mutations in Europe. These findings may indicate the necessity for the development of diagnostic panels specific to the Georgian population, including both 9 frequent European PAH mutations and 9 mutations more common for the Georgian population, which will significantly improve the quality of PKU diagnostics in Georgia.
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