Notes

Breakthrough of Fresh Microbial Chalcone Isomerases by a Sequence-Structure-Function-Evolution Technique for Enzymatic Activity regarding (S)-Flavanones.
011).

In patients with macular disease, PRLs can change depending on the surrounding brightness. It may be beneficial to evaluate PRLs under brighter background conditions (e.g., in ambient light) when performing visual rehabilitation for these patients.

This study provides important information for visual rehabilitation of patients with macular disease.
This study provides important information for visual rehabilitation of patients with macular disease.
Determine the repeatability of and optimum stimulus parameters for testing polarization pattern perception in a real-world clinical population, and assess the ability of polarization perception to distinguish normal from abnormal eyes.

Polarization perception was evaluated in staff and patients attending ophthalmology clinics at Warwick Hospital, UK. A series of visual stimuli were presented in pseudorandom order using a liquid-crystal-display-based polarization pattern generator. Stimuli included geometric patterns, gratings, checkerboards, and optotypes. Participants had one or both eyes diagnosed as normal or abnormal following ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography, and measures of visual acuity. Measurement scores were assigned to the eye(s) of each participant depending on the total number of stimuli perceived or identified.

Stimuli covered the range of spatial scales resolvable within polarization perception by normal and abnormal eyes. Different stimuli had different saliencies. For each stimulus type, polarization perception in the abnormal group was significantly reduced compared with normal eyes (
< 0.001). Relative stimulus salience was broadly similar for normal-eye and abnormal-eye viewing groups, being greatest for radially symmetric patterns and least for optotypes. Checkerboard pattern salience had an inverse logarithmic relationship with check fundamental spatial frequency. A devised metric covering the dynamic range of polarization perception was repeatable, and the score derived from the metric was reduced in the abnormal group compared with the normal group (
< 0.001).

Clinically useful metrics of polarization perception distinguish between normal and abnormal eyes.

Perception of spatial patterns formed of non-uniform polarization fields has potential as a quantitative clinical diagnostic measurement.
Perception of spatial patterns formed of non-uniform polarization fields has potential as a quantitative clinical diagnostic measurement.
To establish a method of laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA microsequencing for exploring optic nerve crush (ONC)-related early mRNA alterations in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer.

An LCM protocol was developed using retinal tissue sections to obtain high-quality RNA for microsequencing. Cells in the RGC layer were collected by laser pressure catapulting (LPC) using a PALM Zeiss UV LCM system. The effect of section thickness and slide type on tissue capture success and RNA yield and the integrity after LCM were evaluated. The optimal LCM protocol was used to explore ONC-related early mRNA alterations in the RGC layer. Candidate genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction of the RGC layer tissue dissected by "cut and LPC" using the same LCM system.

We successfully established an optimal LCM protocol using 30-µm-thick retinal tissue sections mounted on glass slides and laser pressure catapulting (LPC) to collect cells in the RGC layer and to obtain high-quality RNA for microsequencing. On the basis of our protocol, we identified 8744 differentially expressed genes that were involved in ONC-related early mRNA alterations in the RGC layer. Candidate genes included Atf3, Lgals3, LOC102551701, Plaur, Tmem140, and Maml1.

The LCM-based single-cell RNA sequencing allowed a new sight into the early mRNA changes of RGCs highlighting new molecules associated to ONC.

This technique will be helpful for more accurate transcriptome analysis of clinical pathological samples of ophthalmology and provide important reference for the discovery of new pathological diagnosis indicators and drug development targets.
This technique will be helpful for more accurate transcriptome analysis of clinical pathological samples of ophthalmology and provide important reference for the discovery of new pathological diagnosis indicators and drug development targets.
This study evaluated a novel tool known as the motion diamond stimulus (MDS), which utilizes contrast-generated illusory motion in dynamic test regions to determine contrast sensitivity (CS).

Patients with treated unilateral retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) underwent three assessments the MDS, the Pelli-Robson (PR), and the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). The MDS assessment produced two data end points, α and β. The α value represents the overall contrast threshold level and the β value serves to quantify the adaptability of the visual contrast system. The CS parameters from the MDS and log CS PR output values were used to compare RVO eyes (
= 20) to control eyes (
= 20).

The study participants had a mean composite VFQ-25 score of 89.5 ± 10.4 on the VFQ-25. check details A significant difference was observed between the RVO eyes and the control eyes in PR log CS scores (
value = 0.0001) and in MDS α value (
value = 0.01). No difference in MDS β value was found between the study groups (
value = 0.39).

The results for the MDS assessment's α parameter corroborated the PR scores, suggesting contrast sensitivity threshold impairment in patients with RVO. No significant difference in β value was observed, suggesting that adaptability of the visual system is maintained in treated RVO eyes.

Currently, visual complaints cannot be entirely identified by Snellen visual acuity alone. The MDS offers potentially a more complete look at visual function, by including contrast sensitivity and may be able to quantify changes otherwise overlooked in retinal disease progression.
Currently, visual complaints cannot be entirely identified by Snellen visual acuity alone. The MDS offers potentially a more complete look at visual function, by including contrast sensitivity and may be able to quantify changes otherwise overlooked in retinal disease progression.
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