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Suffered Potential of a Natural Microbial Neighborhood to Remove Nitrate through Groundwater.
RESULTS Youth pain acceptance, pain self-efficacy, and parent psychological flexibility were highly positively correlated with each other, and with overall youth quality of life. Evidence for a buffering effect of pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy on the association between pain intensity and quality of life was not found. Protectiveness was found to be a significant mediator of the relation between parental psychological flexibility and youth quality of life. DISCUSSION The results are discussed in the context of the resilience-risk framework and current understandings of the role of parental factors for pediatric chronic pain.PRéCIS Glaucoma patients presented a decreased occipital pole surface area in both hemispheres. Moreover, these parameters are independently correlated with functional and structural ocular parameters. PURPOSE To evaluate structural brain abnormalities in glaucoma patients using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and assess their correlation with associated structural and functional ocular findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study included 30 glaucoma patients and 18 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent standard automated perimetry, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the surface area of the occipital pole in the left hemisphere of glaucoma patients (mean 1253.9±149.3▒mm) and that of control subjects (mean 1341.9±129.8▒mm), P=0.043. There was also a significant difference between the surface area of the occipital pole in the right hemisphere of glaucoma patients (mean 1910.5±309.4▒mm) and that of control subjects (mean 2089.1±164.2▒mm), P=0.029. There was no significant difference between the lingual, calcarine, superior frontal, and inferior frontal gyri of glaucoma patients and those of the control subjects (P>0.05 for all comparisons). The surface area of the occipital pole in the left hemisphere was significantly correlated with perimetry mean deviation values, visual acuity, age, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P=0.001, P less then 0.001, P=0.010, P=0.006, respectively). The surface area of the occipital pole in the right hemisphere was significantly correlated with perimetry mean deviation values, visual field indices, visual acuity, age, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P less then 0.001, P=0.007, P less then 0.001, P=0.046, P less then 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma patients presented a decreased occipital pole surface area in both hemispheres that independently correlated with functional and structural ocular parameters.SYNOPSIS This 1-year prospective study demonstrated that the Tenon's layer repositioning approach of trabeculectomy could achieve zero leakage rate, minimal rate of transient hypotony without compromising the surgical outcome. PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a Tenon's layer repositioning approach of trabeculectomy. METHOD A prospective, non-comparative case series of 30 eyes of 30 Chinese patients with mixed types of glaucoma who underwent fornix-based trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative mitomycin C application. During the conjunctival flap closure, the Tenons' layer was identified, separated, and anchored on to the sclera surface with 8/0 vicryl, followed by conjunctival closure with 10/0 nylon as a separate layer. All patients were followed-up for 1 year. Assessment including intraocular pressure (IOP), vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) measurement, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and visual field (VF) examination were performed before and after the operation. Qualified and complete success was defined as IOP of ≤21▒mmHg in two consecutive visits with or without medication, respectively. Outcomes were evaluated using scattered plot and Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RESULTS 21 eyes (70%) and 28 eyes (93.3%) achieved complete and partial success at one year, respectively. There was a significant reduction of IOP (28.5±9.6 to 15.5±2.6▒mmHg, P less then 0.001) and medication use (4.4±0.9 to 0.8±1.2 bottle per eye, P less then 0.001). There were no significant changes in BCVA, VCDR, and VF indices. No wound leak was identified throughout the study. The procedure did not induce significant astigmatic change. Other postoperative complications, including 2 eyes (6.7%) with transient hypotony and 1 eye (3.3%) required cataract surgery, were of relatively low rate. CONCLUSION The Tenon's layer repositioning approach of performing trabeculectomy is a safe and efficacious procedure for Chinese subjects with different types of glaucoma.PRéCIS One (0.2%) out of 418 Korean NTG patients had TBK1 duplication.The putative mechanism of TBK1 duplication in Korean NTG patients is the non-homologous end-joining. PURPOSE TBK1 duplication is a genomic cause of familial normal tension glaucoma (NTG). NTG accounts for up to 90% of primary open-angle glaucoma in Koreans, with genetic tendency. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of TBK1 duplication in Korean NTG patients and to identify their genomic structure and duplication mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained DNA samples from 418 NTG patients and 195 healthy controls for evaluating TBK1 copy number variations using semi-quantitative PCR. The samples with TBK1 gene duplication were further confirmed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). selleck chemicals llc The whole genome sequencing of patient samples with duplications was performed to identify the accurate breakpoints and to elucidate genomic structure. Ophthalmic evaluation and confirmation of TBK1 duplication using junction PCR were performed in families of positive patients. RESULTS TBK1 duplication was found in 1 out of 418 NTG cases (0.2%). The duplication range was from g.64,803,151 to g.64,927,214 (124,063▒bp). It is the smallest region of overlapping duplication in TBK1. Any repetitive sequences were not found near the breakpoints of our case. Inserted sequences were found within the breakpoints. A brother and a niece of the positive case appeared the typical clinical features of NTG and shared the same TBK1 duplications with the index case. CONCLUSION In Korea, prevalence of TBK1 duplication was 0.2% and the smallest reported TBK1 duplication associated with NTG was found. The mechanism of TBK1 duplication was suggested to be non-homologous end joining while a previous report pointed out the mechanism of TBK1 duplications as non-allelic homologous recombination.
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