Notes

Cohort Scientific studies.
017, 50.72% sensitivity, 86.67% specificity, 94.59% PPV, and 27.66% NPV), ΔHU ≥ 93.57 Hounsfield units (HU) (
 = 0.004, 66.67% sensitivity, 73.33% specificity, 92.00% PPV, and 32.35% NPV), and NME lesions with calcification (
 = 0.002, 36.23% sensitivity, 20.00% specificity, 82.14% PPV, and 67.57% NPV). The fitting equation for the combined diagnostic model was as follows Logit (P) = -0.579 +1.318 × enhancement distribution + 1.000 × internal enhancement patterns + 1.539 × ΔHU value + 1.641 ×NME type.

Individual diagnostic criteria based on breast CBBCT characteristics (segmental enhancement distribution, clumped internal enhancement patterns, ΔHU values > 93.57 HU, and NME lesions with calcification) had high specificity and PPV; when combined, they had high sensitivity in predicting malignant NME lesions.
 93.57 HU, and NME lesions with calcification) had high specificity and PPV; when combined, they had high sensitivity in predicting malignant NME lesions.
Ultrasound (US) elastography has become a routine instrument in ultrasonographic diagnosis that measures the consistency and stiffness of tissues.

To distinguish benign and malignant breast masses using a single US system by comparing the diagnostic parameters of three kinds of breast elastography simultaneously added to B-mode ultrasonography.

A total of 163 breast lesions in 159 consecutive women who underwent US-guided core needle biopsy were included in this prospective study. Before the biopsy, the lesions were examined with B-mode ultrasonography and strain (SE), shear wave (SWE), and point shear wave (STQ) elastography. The strain ratio was computed and the Tsukuba score determined. The mean elasticity values using SWE and STQ were computed and converted to Young's modulus E (kPa).

All SE, SWE, and STQ parameters showed similar diagnostic performance. The SE score, SE ratio, SWE
, SWE
, STQ
, and STQ
yielded higher specificity than B-mode US alone to differentiate benign and malignant masses. The sensitivity of B-mode US, SWE, and STQ was slightly higher than that of the SE score and SE ratio. The SE score, SE ratio, SWE
, SWE
, STQ
, and STQ
had significantly higher positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy than B-mode US alone. The area under the curve for each of these elastography methods in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.93, 0.93, 0.98, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively;
<0.001 for all measurements.

SE (ratio and score), SWE, and STQ had higher diagnostic performance individually than B-mode US alone in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast masses.
SE (ratio and score), SWE, and STQ had higher diagnostic performance individually than B-mode US alone in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast masses.
Tin filter-based spectral shaping has been used for low-dose and ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) in several body parts. However, studies of shoulder CT arthrography with spectral shaping are limited.

To investigate image quality and radiation dose of shoulder CT arthrography with tin filter-based spectral shaping at 100 kV (Sn 100 kV) and 140 kV (Sn 140 kV) in comparison with the conventional protocol.

Ninety-nine shoulder CT arthrographies with protocols of Sn 100 kV (n = 32), Sn 140 kV (n = 25), and conventional 120 kV (n = 42) were retrospectively evaluated. Qualitative image quality, CT attenuations of intra-articular contrast mixture and tissues, background noise, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and figures of merit were assessed. Radiation doses were compared.

CT arthrographies with Sn 100 kV and Sn 140 kV yielded approximately 70% and 60% radiation dose reduction, respectively, compared with the conventional 120 kV (
 < 0.001). Qualitative image noise and quantitative background noise of Sn 100 kV and Sn 140 kV were significantly less than those of the conventional protocol. Qualitative image contrast, CT attenuations of intra-articular contrast mixture and tissues, and CNRs for Sn 100 were similar to those of the conventional 120 kV. However, Sn 140 kV showed significantly lower qualitative contrast and CNRs than 120 kV. Sn 100 kV was the most dose efficient among the three protocols.

Shoulder CT arthrography with Sn 100 kV substantially reduced radiation dose and image noise and maintained image contrast, compared with the conventional protocol.
Shoulder CT arthrography with Sn 100 kV substantially reduced radiation dose and image noise and maintained image contrast, compared with the conventional protocol.An important component of some psychological therapies is the use of clients' values to motivate behaviour change. Values are understood to be developed during childhood and adolescence but there has been limited exploration of how young people experience values and their function across contexts. This study aimed to explore adolescents' understanding of the concept of 'values' and to elicit their experiences of values. selleck chemicals Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted with 11 adolescents aged 12-17 years. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Young people were readily able to discuss the meaning of 'values' and their own personal values. Three main themes were identified (1) what values are (in general, and specific to themselves), (2) where values come from (relationships, education, growing up), and (3) why values are important (prioritising/decision making, reflecting on values is helpful). The adolescents in this study demonstrated an in-depth understanding of the meaning, origins and functions of values. The results suggest young people may welcome and benefit from opportunities to discuss their values, including in therapy.
Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction is the gold standard reconstructive technique for women undergoing breast cancer surgery. A preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA)-dedicated protocol and 3D reconstructions are mandatory for correct surgical planning.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a new preoperative CTA protocol and a new reconstruction method in the assessment of DIEP technique.

A total of 263 women (median age 49 years, age range 26-73 years) underwent preoperative CTA examination before DIEP flap breast reconstruction. A CTA-dedicated protocol followed by 3D-reconstructions were performed. Identification, branching pattern, and caliber at origin were assessed for each perforator. Intraoperative findings were the standard of reference. The sensitivity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the preoperative CTA protocol were calculated.

In 255/263 (97%) patients, the dominant perforators assessed by CTA resulted adequate for surgical reconstruction.
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