Notes

While Intellectual Closeness Brings about Higher Evaluation Choice Good quality: A Study of Public Funding Allocation.
022, p  less then  .005) and poorer QoL domains among the Indians (physical health B = - 5.412, SE B = 1.382, p  less then  .001; psychological B = - 3.325, SE B = 1.42, p  less then  .001; social relationship B = - 5.548, SE B = 1.616, p  less then  .001; environment B = - 2.586, SE B = 1.288; p  less then  .05). Our study's mixed results suggest that religiosity is positively associated with quality of life in cross-sectional analyses. However, in longitudinal analyses, the results are different. Conclusions with regard to causality based on cross-sectional analyses may be misleading. Health promotion programs should continue to examine the effect of religiousness on health outcomes over time among aging populations across different ethnic groups.Cattle and buffaloes, popular protein sources worldwide, are intermediate hosts for several Sarcocystis species. These coccidian protozoans cause sarcocystosis resulting in subclinical and chronic infections in striated muscles by forming macrocysts or microcysts. In Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Cambodia, Sarcocystis species have been reported, but molecular identification has been lacking. This study investigates the prevalence of infection, histo-morphology, and molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in hearts of cattle and buffalo sold in local markets. A phylogenetic tree inferred from a portion of the 18S ribosomal (r) RNA gene was used to identify the genus and species of Sarcocystis. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1 gene) was sequenced to confirm the species of host tissue. In Thailand, Sarcocystis was detected in 66.7% (14/21) of samples. In Lao People's Democratic Republic, 90% (9/10) of samples were infected and in Cambodia 100% (8/8). For the first time from these countries, we report Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis heydorni, and Sarcocystis levinei found in taurine cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Zoonotic protozoan transmission needs to be controlled by inspection activities by local health inspectors, and appropriate action is required at all points in the food chain by competent authorities to protect consumer health and prevent sarcocystosis in cattle and water buffaloes.There are great differences in metabolic responses to different levels of carbohydrate among different carnivorous fish species. To explore metabolic responses of Chinese perch to moderate and high level of dietary carbohydrates, three diets containing 7.3% (LC), 17.5% (MC), and 27.5% (HC) of carbohydrates were provided to Chinese perch for 56 days. The results showed that MC and HC groups exhibited an increase in weight gain (WG) and hepatic glycogen content, and a decrease in feed conversion efficiency, compared with the LC group. The MC and HC groups also showed the increase in mRNA levels of phosphofructokinase and citrate synthase related to the aerobic oxidation pathway, which might be responsible for the increase in WG. Moreover, compared with the LC group, the HC group exhibited high levels of plasma indices (glucose, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein) and liver lipid resulting from the increased mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, and fatty acid synthase), low level of crude protein caused by inhibition of TOR pathway, and liver damage induced by low antioxidant capacity and infiltration of inflammatory cells, but the MC group did not. The above results indicated that 17.5% dietary carbohydrate might be utilized effectively in Chinese perch and part carbohydrates were converted into glycogen to maintain glucose homeostasis; 27.5% dietary carbohydrate could not be fully utilized. The 27.5% carbohydrate diet induced the up-regulation of aerobic oxidation, glycogen synthesis, and fat synthesis pathways which might not be sufficient to maintain glucose homeostasis.Interspecific hybridization has been considered as a possible approach to improve biological traits and has been applied in aquaculture practices. In the present study, artificial hybridization was carried out in the small yellow croaker (SYC; Larimichthys polyactis) ♀ × large yellow croaker (LYC; L. crocea) ♂ by artificial insemination, and the processes of sex differentiation and gonadal development in SYC and its hybrid were investigated under controlled conditions. Histological analysis of SYC larvae showed that migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs) were observed at 4 days post-hatching (dph), a genital ridge was formed on the dorsal side of the peritoneum at 6 dph, and a pair of primary gonads was first observed at 10 dph. Signs of the differentiated ovary and ovarian cavity were observed at 45 dph. However, some presumptive testes showed alterations in morphology, including an increase in the number of oocytes and an enhanced basophilia at 50 dph. These presumptive testes seemed to alter again, and numl contribute to the potential use and management of these fish for aquaculture.
Pullulanases are the significant industrial group in the 13 glycosyl hydrolases category, known as the α-amylases family. There are very few reports on pullulanase from fungal sources. Based on the above research gap, the present study was undertaken to explore the endophytic fungi for their pullulanase-producing capabilities.

A total of 126 endophytes were isolated from Tradescantia pallida, Zea mays, and Trifolium alexandrinum. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Ganoderma species recovered highest from the stem of Tradescantia palida. Fusarium was dominant in the stem and leaf of Zea mays. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Ganoderma, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Alternaria were recovered from the Trifolium alexandrium. The Shannon index in Tradescantia pallida was highest in leaves while in Zea mays and Trifolium alexandrinum, it is highest in the stem. The Simpson's index is highest in the case of Zea mays stem and root. Species richness was indicated by Menhinick's index, and it was found that this value was highes endophytic Aspergillus and Penicillium.Although unphysiological wall shear stress (WSS) has become the consensus hemodynamic mechanism for coronary atherosclerosis, the complex biomechanical stimulus affecting atherosclerosis evolution is still undetermined. Noradrenalinebitartratemonohydrate This has motivated the interest on the contraction/expansion action exerted by WSS on the endothelium, obtained through the WSS topological skeleton analysis. This study tests the ability of this WSS feature, alone or combined with WSS magnitude, to predict coronary wall thickness (WT) longitudinal changes. Nine coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic minipigs underwent imaging with local WT measurement at three time points baseline (T1), after 5.6 ± 0.9 (T2), and 7.6 ± 2.5 (T3) months. Individualized computational hemodynamic simulations were performed at T1 and T2. The variability of the WSS contraction/expansion action along the cardiac cycle was quantified using the WSS topological shear variation index (TSVI). Alone or combined, high TSVI and low WSS significantly co-localized with high WT at the same time points and were significant predictors of thickening at later time points. TSVI and WSS magnitude values in a physiological range appeared to play an atheroprotective role. Both the variability of the WSS contraction/expansion action and WSS magnitude, accounting for different hemodynamic effects on the endothelium, (1) are linked to WT changes and (2) concur to identify WSS features leading to coronary atherosclerosis.Here we generate up-to-date reference values of transthoracic echocardiographic aortic root dimensions matched by sex, age, and body surface area (BSA) derived from the population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) cohort. In 1687 healthy subjects (mean age 57.1 ± 7.7, 681 male and 1006 female), derived from the first prospectively-recruited 10,000 HCHS participants, dimensions of the aortic root were measured in systole and diastole using state-of-the-art 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Diameters were assessed at four levels aortic annulus, Sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta. Female sex was associated with significantly smaller absolute aortic root dimensions, while indexing for BSA resulted in a reverse effect at all levels. There was a strong age dependency of all aortic root diameters as well as aortic annulus/sinotubular junction ratio for both sexes. Multivariate analysis revealed age, sex, weight, height, and BSA to be significant determinants of aortic root size. Finally, formulas were generated for the calculation of individual aortic root reference values considering age, sex, weight, and height. We provide population-based reference values of aortic root diameters based on a standardized transthoracic echocardiographic protocol of the population-based HCHS which may support the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of aortic root disease.
We used a novel diagnostic Fourier transform (FT) algorithm of the entire extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) measured by magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) to evaluate subtle deformation of bile duct lumen, indicating the malignant potential of EHBD, in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBMJ) and in a comparative group of controls without PBMJ.

From the workstation, the EHBD lumen was traced automatically and a 2D diagram cross section was measured at 0.5mm-longitudinal intervals. The FT-based integrated power spectral density function value (FTPSDI) of the diameter or area (mm
or mm
/Hz) and the phase value distribution entropy (PVDE) were also measured.

There were 16 patients with undilated PBMJ and 7 with dilated PBMJ. The control group comprised 10 patients with a normal bile duct, 20 with bile duct carcinoma (BDC), and 1 with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Both the diameter and area of the dilated bile ducts and the ducts with early- or advanced-stage BDC were significantly greater than those of the normal duct (p < 0.05). The undilated type of PBMJ tended to have a larger FTPSDI diameter than a normal bile duct, which had a smaller diameter than the dilated type of PBMJ or BDC. BDC had a significantly larger FTPSDI diameter (p < 0.05) and the cutoff value for accuracy was 168mm
Hz
.

The novel mathematical FTPSDI is a promising indicator of whether preventive EHBD resection is necessary for patients with PBMJ, which can be widely applied in the early diagnosis of other biliary diseases.
The novel mathematical FTPSDI is a promising indicator of whether preventive EHBD resection is necessary for patients with PBMJ, which can be widely applied in the early diagnosis of other biliary diseases.Ecologically and economically important obligate scavengers like vultures are under threat of extinction in the old world. Several resident and migratory vulture sites and individuals are hosted by the Gangetic-Thar-Deccan region of India with varied landscapes. The landscape is under threat from anthropogenic activities and climate change impacting the habitat. Therefore, habitat suitability of vultures was analysed using species distribution model, MaxEnt, ensemble of global circulation models (CCSM4, HadGEM2AO and MIROC5), citizen science and expert collected data. Altogether, 51 models were developed and their robustness was assessed to be good for conservation purpose (AUC range 0.719-0.906). Predicted unsuitable and suitable area categories of all vultures, resident vultures and migratory vultures were identified for the present and future years (2050 and 2070) under moderate and extreme emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The short-term and long-term area suitability change varied between 1 and 3%.
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