Notes

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The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing's triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a persssive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
The management of neurotrophic keratitis (NK) has evolved in the last decade. The present article reviews updated management guidelines of this entity, as well as future innovations in the field.

The advent of confocal microscopy has allowed for the first time to image corneal nerves. In addition, multiple novel topical treatments such as nerve growth factor have improved the prognosis of this disease, with many other in the pipeline. Finally, corneal nerve restoration is now possible with corneal neurotization procedures.

Many novel treatments based on agents that stimulate nerve regrowth are now available to treat NK. Improvement in neurotization procedures could also address advanced stages of this disease with surgery.
Many novel treatments based on agents that stimulate nerve regrowth are now available to treat NK. Improvement in neurotization procedures could also address advanced stages of this disease with surgery.
Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a minimally invasive treatment that can stabilize corneal ectatic disorders including keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, or postrefractive surgery ectasia. The benefits of CXL have been well documented. New research is focused on modifying current treatment protocols with the goals of maximizing corneal stability while also shortening overall procedure time.

Accelerated CXL protocols have the goal of delivering the same ultraviolet A intensity as conventional protocols, but over a shorter time period. Accelerated protocols have shown success to date, but there are concerns for long-term corneal stability. Selleck iFSP1 Pulsed protocols may increase the long-term efficacy of the accelerated designs. In addition, transepithelial crosslinking protocols have been designed with the goal of reducing postoperative pain and lower the risk of infectious complications of epithelial-off conventional protocols.

Newer CXL protocols attempt to make the procedure safer and more effective. Current research is promising, but long-term studies are essential to understand how the new protocols may affect corneal stability.
Newer CXL protocols attempt to make the procedure safer and more effective. Current research is promising, but long-term studies are essential to understand how the new protocols may affect corneal stability.
This study was conducted to demonstrate the importance of the environment in keratoconus (KC) genesis.

Genetic-related connective tissue disorders demonstrate the inconsistency of theories regarding KC pathogenesis since no corneal steepening was observed in the majority of these patients. Despite recent advances and decades of research into the genetics of KC, the identification of disease-causing KC genes has been frustrating. Variants found based on genome-wide and next-generation sequencing only seem to account for a small number of cases or play a limited role in KC pathogenesis.

The literature shows that mechanical manipulation may be the common underlying factor or the indispensable act precipitating the cascade of events leading to permanent corneal deformation. Hence, ophthalmologists have the opportunity to increase patient awareness about eye manipulation repercussions and treatment for ocular surface disorders.

http//links.lww.com/COOP/A42.
http//links.lww.com/COOP/A42.
Rodrigues, GM, Machado, S, Faria Vieira, LA, Ramalho de Oliveira, BR, Jesus Abreu, MA, Marquez, G, Maranhão Neto, GA, and Lattari, E. Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on training volume and pleasure responses in the back squat exercise following a bench press. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-This study aimed to investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on volume-load and pleasure responses in a back squat following a bench press. Twelve male subjects advanced in resistance training (RT) (age, 25.5 ± 4.4 years) completed 2 experimental trials in a counterbalanced crossover design a-tDCS and sham conditions. The stimulus was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 20 minutes using a 2-mA current intensity in a-tDCS condition and 1 minute of active stimulus in the sham condition. Immediately after stimulation, subjects performed the bench press followed by the back squat. The exercise protocol consisted of 3 sets of maxioad was higher in the a-tDCS condition than in the sham condition for both exercises (p = 0.02), with large effect for the back squat (p = 0.045; d = 0.96). The higher volume-load was obtained by increasing the number of repetitions across all sets for the bench press (p ≤ 0.0001) and only in the first set for the back squat (p = 0.01). The circumplex model analysis showed a higher pleasure in the bench press and a tendency toward a higher pleasure in the a-tDCS condition. Anodal tDCS may be used as an ergogenic resource for increasing the back squat volume after performing the bench press in resistance-trained male subjects.
Howarth, DJ, Cohen, DD, McLean, BD, and Coutts, AJ. Establishing the noise interday ecological reliability of countermovement jump variables in professional rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-The purpose of this study was to examine the interday "ecological" reliability of a wide range of ground reaction force-derived countermovement jump (CMJ) variables. link2 Thirty-six male, professional rugby union players performed 3 CMJs on 4 separate days over an 8-day period during the first week of preseason. We calculated reliability for 86 CMJ variables across 5 interday combinations using 2 criteria mean output across 3 jump trials (Mean3) and single output from the highest jump (BestJH). Interday coefficient of variation (CV) of the 86 variables in each CMJ phase, for Mean3 and BestJH, respectively, ranged between concentric = 2-11% and 2-13%; eccentric = 1-45% and 1-107%; and landing = 4-32% and 6-45%. Mean3 interday CV was lower in all 86 variables across every interday combination, comparsis provides reference reliability for a wide range of CMJ variables. However, we recommend that practitioners assess reliability in their athletes, as it is likely to be environment, protocol, and cohort specific.
Kotani, Y, Lake, J, Guppy, SN, Poon, W, Nosaka, K, Hori, N, and Haff, GG. The reliability of the squat jump force-velocity and load-velocity profiles. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the between-session reliability of the squat jump force-velocity (FV) and load-velocity (LV) profiles. Eighteen subjects (age = 28.1 ± 4.8 years; height = 1.7 ± 9.7; body mass = 74.7 ± 12.8) who could back squat >1.5 times body mass participated in this study. Each subject completed a familiarization session, followed by 2 experimental sessions each separated by 72 hours. Subjects performed a series of squat jumps on a force plate against external loads between 0 and 100% of their body mass in a quasi-randomized block order. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to examine the between-session reliability. Peak velocity (PV) and mean velocity (MV) at each load were highly reliable (ICC >0.80, CV% <7.41, SEM <0.13 m·s-10.34-0.92, CV% = 11.9-26.3). When mean and relative mean forces were used to create FV profiles, there was poor to good reliability (ICC = 0.03-0.85, CV% = 18.1-39.4). When the LV profile was calculated with PV (ICC = 0.60-0.90, CV% = 7.9-16.9) or MV (ICC = 0.49-0.91, CV% = 11.1-23.4), there was poor to excellent reliability. There was no time effect found between sessions for both FV and LV profiles. The squat jump FV and LV profiles established with a force plate are not reliable. Therefore, these profiles are not recommended to be used to inform programming decisions.
Development and functions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are regulated by multiple cellular components of the hematopoietic niche. link3 Here we review the recent advances in studying the role of three such components -- osteoblasts, osteomacs, and megakaryocytes and how they interact with each other in the hematopoietic niche to regulate HSC.

Recent advances in transgenic mice models, scRNA-seq, transcriptome profile, proteomics, and live animal imaging have revealed the location of HSC within the bone and signaling molecules required for the maintenance of the niche. Interaction between megakaryocytes, osteoblasts and osteomacs enhances hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) function. Studies also revealed the niche as a dynamic entity that undergoes cellular and molecular changes in response to stress. Aging, which results in reduced HSC function, is associated with a decrease in endosteal niches and osteomacs as well as reduced HSC--megakaryocyte interactions.

Novel approaches to study the cellular components of the niche and their interactions to regulate HSC development and functions provided key insights about molecules involved in the maintenance of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, these studies began to build a more comprehensive model of cellular interactions and dynamics in the hematopoietic niche.
Novel approaches to study the cellular components of the niche and their interactions to regulate HSC development and functions provided key insights about molecules involved in the maintenance of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, these studies began to build a more comprehensive model of cellular interactions and dynamics in the hematopoietic niche.
This study evaluated exam performance and course evaluation in a physician assistant (PA) interdisciplinary active learning (IAL)-incorporated program facilitated by a pharmacist and pharmacy student.

Two PA cohorts (n = 38 each) were compared using IAL versus minimal active learning (MAL). Course evaluation surveys of instruction were assessed for 2 pharmacology courses. Both cohorts were assessed for differences in exam scores and performance on higher analytical exam questions.

The IAL cohort achieved higher course evaluation scores compared to the MAL cohort (p < .05). The students' positive comments demonstrated their desire for more IAL. No significant difference was seen in overall exam scores in either cohort or course (p < .45). IAL in neurology demonstrated significant improvement in exam performance on moderate Bloom's taxonomy-level questions (p = .008).

IAL may enable health professionals to provide more collaborative care. The students preferred IAL and demonstrated improved performance on comprehension and application exam questions.
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